A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client.
Exhibits
The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)

Alcohol use

Vitamin D level

Lactose intolerant

Activity level

Smoking history

Phosphorous level

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D

B. Vitamin D level- Low levels of vitamin D, as indicated by the client's 25-hydroxy D (vitamin D + D) levels below the reference range (24 ng/dL initially and 15 ng/dL at the 6-month follow-up), can contribute to osteoporosis. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

D. Activity level- The client reports a sedentary lifestyle and inability to exercise regularly. Lack of weight-bearing exercise can increase the risk of osteoporosis as weight-bearing exercises help maintain bone density.
A. Alcohol use- The client denies drinking alcohol, so alcohol use is not a risk factor in this case.
C. Lactose intolerant- Lactose intolerance does not directly increase the risk of osteoporosis. However, if the client avoids dairy products due to lactose intolerance, they may have lower calcium intake, which can affect bone health.
E. Smoking history- The client is described as a nonsmoker, so smoking is not a risk factor for osteoporosis in this case. Smoking is associated with decreased bone density and increased fracture risk.
F. Phosphorus level- Phosphorus levels within the normal range (3.4 mg/dL initially and 3.2 mg/dL at the 6-month follow-up) do not directly indicate increased risk for osteoporosis. However, phosphorus, along with calcium, is important for bone health.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Negligence refers to the failure to act with the level of care that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in similar circumstances, resulting in harm to another person. Administering a medication without first identifying the client breaches the duty of care owed by the nurse to the client. Verifying the client's identity is a crucial safety measure to prevent medication errors and ensure that the right medication is given to the right patient.
B. describes a situation where the assistive personnel prevent a client from leaving the facility. While this may involve issues related to patient rights or improper restraint, it does not directly fit the definition of negligence unless harm results from the action.
C. involves starting a blood transfusion without obtaining consent from the client, which is a violation of the client's rights and ethical principles. However, it is not necessarily an example of negligence unless harm results from the lack of consent.

D. describes a breach of confidentiality by discussing client care in a public area with visitors present. While this is a violation of the client's privacy rights and facility policies, it does not directly fit the definition of negligence unless harm results from the disclosure of confidential information.

A. Prescriptions are stored in a medication organizer. B. There is an area rug covering a tile floor. C. Grab bars are installed in the shower. D. The hot water heater is set to 47° C (117° F).

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Area rugs can be a significant tripping risk, especially for older adults with osteoporosis who are more vulnerable to fractures from falls. The nurse should intervene to either remove the rug or secure it with non-slip backing or tape to prevent slipping and tripping.
A. Using a medication organizer can help ensure that the client takes their medications correctly and consistently, reducing the risk of missed doses or overdoses. There is no need for the nurse to intervene here.
C. Grab bars in the shower can greatly reduce the risk of falls in the bathroom, which is a common site for accidents. This does not require intervention as it is a good safety measure.
D. This temperature setting is within a safe range to prevent burns. Most guidelines recommend setting the hot water heater to no higher than 48° C (120° F) to prevent scalding. Therefore, no intervention is needed here either.

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A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client. Exhibits The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collaborating with a risk management team about potential legal issues involving client care. The nurse should identify that which of the following situations is an example of negligence?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client.
Exhibits
The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)