A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client.
Exhibits
The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)

Alcohol use

Vitamin D level

Lactose intolerant

Activity level

Smoking history

Phosphorous level

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D

B. Vitamin D level- Low levels of vitamin D, as indicated by the client's 25-hydroxy D (vitamin D + D) levels below the reference range (24 ng/dL initially and 15 ng/dL at the 6-month follow-up), can contribute to osteoporosis. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

D. Activity level- The client reports a sedentary lifestyle and inability to exercise regularly. Lack of weight-bearing exercise can increase the risk of osteoporosis as weight-bearing exercises help maintain bone density.
A. Alcohol use- The client denies drinking alcohol, so alcohol use is not a risk factor in this case.
C. Lactose intolerant- Lactose intolerance does not directly increase the risk of osteoporosis. However, if the client avoids dairy products due to lactose intolerance, they may have lower calcium intake, which can affect bone health.
E. Smoking history- The client is described as a nonsmoker, so smoking is not a risk factor for osteoporosis in this case. Smoking is associated with decreased bone density and increased fracture risk.
F. Phosphorus level- Phosphorus levels within the normal range (3.4 mg/dL initially and 3.2 mg/dL at the 6-month follow-up) do not directly indicate increased risk for osteoporosis. However, phosphorus, along with calcium, is important for bone health.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

B. Using grab bars when getting in and out of the bathtub helps prevent slips and falls, especially in wet or slippery conditions. This is an important safety measure, particularly for individuals with mobility issues or who are at risk of falling.
C. Having a fire escape plan with the family is crucial for preparedness in the event of a fire emergency. This includes identifying escape routes, practicing fire drills, and designating a meeting place outside the home. Having a plan can help ensure everyone's safety in case of a fire.
D. Checking medications for expiration dates is essential to ensure their effectiveness and safety. Expired medications may be less potent or could have potentially harmful effects. Discarding expired medications and obtaining new prescriptions as needed helps prevent medication errors and adverse reactions.
A. Applying tape over frayed areas of electrical cords is not a safe practice and can pose a fire hazard. Frayed cords should be replaced immediately to prevent electrical shocks or fires. Therefore, this statement does not indicate an understanding of home safety.
E. Setting the hot water heater to 140 degrees Fahrenheit (Choice E) is not recommended as it can pose a scalding risk, especially for young children and older adults with sensitive skin. The recommended

temperature for hot water heaters is typically around 120 degrees Fahrenheit to reduce the risk of scalds while still providing hot water for daily use. Therefore, this statement does not indicate an understanding of home safety.

A. Prepare the client for surgery. B. Obtain consent from the surgeon. C. Contact the facility's ethics committee for guidance D. Keep the client stable until a family member arrives to give consent.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. In an emergency situation where a patient is unconscious and unable to give consent, and there is no available family member or designated surrogate to provide consent, healthcare providers can proceed with life-saving treatment under the principle of implied consent. This principle assumes that a reasonable person would consent to treatment if they were able to do so.

B.The surgeon cannot give consent for the patient. Consent must come from the patient or a legally authorized representative.
C. In situations where consent cannot be obtained from the patient or a legally authorized representative, involving the ethics committee can be a prudent course of action. However, this may delay emergency care.
D. This option may be appropriate if there is a reasonable expectation that a family member or legally authorized representative will arrive within a reasonable timeframe. However, in emergency situations where immediate intervention is necessary to save the patient's life or prevent serious harm, waiting for consent may not be feasible.

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A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client. Exhibits The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)

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A home health nurse is teaching a client about home safety. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who is unconscious and requires surgery. There is no one available to give consent for the treatment. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client.
Exhibits
The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)