A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client.
Exhibits
The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)

Alcohol use

Vitamin D level

Lactose intolerant

Activity level

Smoking history

Phosphorous level

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D

B. Vitamin D level- Low levels of vitamin D, as indicated by the client's 25-hydroxy D (vitamin D + D) levels below the reference range (24 ng/dL initially and 15 ng/dL at the 6-month follow-up), can contribute to osteoporosis. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

D. Activity level- The client reports a sedentary lifestyle and inability to exercise regularly. Lack of weight-bearing exercise can increase the risk of osteoporosis as weight-bearing exercises help maintain bone density.
A. Alcohol use- The client denies drinking alcohol, so alcohol use is not a risk factor in this case.
C. Lactose intolerant- Lactose intolerance does not directly increase the risk of osteoporosis. However, if the client avoids dairy products due to lactose intolerance, they may have lower calcium intake, which can affect bone health.
E. Smoking history- The client is described as a nonsmoker, so smoking is not a risk factor for osteoporosis in this case. Smoking is associated with decreased bone density and increased fracture risk.
F. Phosphorus level- Phosphorus levels within the normal range (3.4 mg/dL initially and 3.2 mg/dL at the 6-month follow-up) do not directly indicate increased risk for osteoporosis. However, phosphorus, along with calcium, is important for bone health.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Keeping the client's heels off the mattress helps prevent pressure injuries, particularly heel ulcers, which are common in clients who are immobile or on bed rest. Pressure on the heels can impede blood flow and lead to tissue damage, especially if the client remains in the same position for an extended period.
B.Repositioning the client is also important for preventing pressure injuries, as it helps redistribute pressure and relieve pressure on vulnerable areas of the body. However, it should be done more frequently.
C. Raising the head of the client's bed to a 60° angle is not directly related to preventing pressure injuries. While elevating the head of the bed may provide comfort and facilitate breathing for some clients, it does not address pressure distribution or protection of bony prominences.
D. Massaging the client's bony prominences is contraindicated for preventing pressure injuries. Massaging bony prominences can increase friction and shear forces on the skin, which may actually exacerbate the risk of pressure injury development.

A. Bananas B. Cooked vegetables C. Yogurt with fruit D. Pudding

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

D. A full liquid diet includes all foods that are liquid or will turn to liquid at room or body temperature. Pudding is an appropriate choice because it conforms to these criteria. While yogurt with fruit may seem like a suitable option, it typically contains chunks of fruit which do not meet the requirements of a full liquid diet.
A. Bananas are solid foods and are not typically included in a full liquid diet.
B. Cooked vegetables are solid foods and are not typically included in a full liquid diet.
C. Yogurt with fruit is a semi-solid food, it may not be appropriate for a full liquid diet depending on the consistency of the yogurt and the size of the fruit pieces.

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A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client. Exhibits The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and is on bed rest. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to decrease the client's risk of developing a pressure injury?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client about progressing from a clear liquid diet to a full liquid diet. Which of the following food selections by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client.
Exhibits
The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)