A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client who is at 34 weeks of gestation and at risk for placental abruption. The nurse should recognize that which of the following is the most common risk factor for abruption?

Cigarette smoking

Hypertension

Blunt force trauma

Cocaine use

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale
This is incorrect because cigarette smoking is not the most common risk factor for abruption. Cigarette smoking can increase the risk of abruption by causing vasoconstriction and reducing placental blood flow, but it is less prevalent and less severe than hypertension.

Choice B rationale
This is correct because hypertension is the most common risk factor for abruption. Hypertension can cause damage to the uterine vessels and lead to bleeding and separation of the placenta from the uterine wall. Hypertension affects about 40% of clients who experience abruption and can be chronic or pregnancy-induced.

Choice C rationale
This is incorrect because blunt force trauma is not the most common risk factor for abruption. Blunt force trauma can cause abruption by applying direct pressure or shear force to the placenta, but it is less common and less predictable than hypertension. Blunt force trauma can result from motor vehicle accidents, falls, or physical abuse.

Choice D rationale
This is incorrect because cocaine use is not the most common risk factor for abruption. Cocaine use can increase the risk of abruption by causing vasoconstriction and uterine contractions, but it is less common and less consistent than hypertension. Cocaine use can also cause other complications, such as fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, or stillbirth.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Abdominal pain with scant red vaginal bleeding is not a finding that supports placenta previa. This finding may indicate placental abruption, which is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall. Placental abruption is a medical emergency that can cause severe bleeding, pain, and fetal distress.

Choice B rationale
Intermittent abdominal pain following passage of bloody mucus is not a finding that supports placenta previa. This finding may indicate the onset of labor, which is characterized by contractions and the expulsion of the mucus plug that seals the cervix. Labor can be normal or preterm, depending on the gestational age of the fetus.

Choice C rationale
Increasing abdominal pain with a nonrelaxed uterus is not a finding that supports placenta previa. This finding may indicate uterine rupture, which is the tearing of the uterine wall. Uterine rupture is a rare but life-threatening complication that can cause severe bleeding, shock, and fetal death.

Choice D rationale
Painless red vaginal bleeding is a finding that supports placenta previa. Placenta previa is a condition where the placenta covers part or all of the cervix, which is the opening of the uterus. Placenta previa can cause bleeding when the cervix dilates or contracts, or when the placenta detaches from the uterine wall. The bleeding is usually painless because the placenta has no nerve endings.

A. One artery and one vein B. Two veins and one artery C. Two arteries and two veins D. Two arteries and one vein

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
One artery and one vein is not the normal configuration of the umbilical cord. This is called a single umbilical artery (SUA) and it is associated with increased risk of congenital anomalies and fetal growth restriction.

Choice B rationale
Two veins and one artery is also not the normal configuration of the umbilical cord. This is called a double umbilical vein (DUV) and it is a rare anomaly that may or may not have clinical significance.

Choice C rationale
Two arteries and two veins is an extremely rare anomaly of the umbilical cord. This is called a quadruple umbilical cord (QUV) and it is usually associated with other malformations and poor fetal outcomes.

Choice D rationale
Two arteries and one vein is the normal and expected configuration of the umbilical cord. The two arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta, and the one vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.

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A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client who is at 34 weeks of gestation and at risk for placental abruption. The nurse should recognize that which of the following is the most common risk factor for abruption?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is at 36 weeks of gestation and who has a suspected placenta previa. Which of the following findings support this diagnosis?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse in labor and delivery is caring for a client. Following delivery of the placenta, the nurse examines the umbilical cord. Which of the following vessels should the nurse expect to observe in the umbilical cord?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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