A nurse assesses a diabetic client who is admitted with an acid-base imbalance. The client's arterial blood gas values are pH 7.39, PaCO2 27 mm Hg, and HCO3 19 mEq/L. Which sign or symptom does the nurse identify as an example of the client's compensatory mechanisms?

Increased release of acids from the kidneys.

Increased urinary output.

Increased thirst and hunger.

Increased rate and depth of respirations.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   This is not a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis. In fact, during metabolic acidosis, the kidneys excrete hydrogen ions (acid) and reabsorb bicarbonate (base) to help normalize the pH of the blood.
B.   Increased urinary output (polyuria) is not typically a direct compensatory response to metabolic acidosis. However, metabolic acidosis can lead to osmotic diuresis in certain conditions, which may increase urinary output as the body tries to excrete excess acids and maintain electrolyte balance.
C.   Increased thirst (polydipsia) and hunger (polyphagia) are not typical compensatory responses to metabolic acidosis. These symptoms are more associated with hyperglycemia in diabetes rather than acid-base disturbances.
D.   During metabolic acidosis, the respiratory system compensates by increasing the rate and depth of respirations (hyperventilation). By blowing off more CO2 (carbon dioxide), the body tries to decrease the

amount of carbonic acid in the blood, thereby increasing the pH towards normal. This compensatory mechanism helps to raise the pH back towards the normal range (7.35-7.45).

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. This statement suggests that the client may not understand the purpose or procedure of the CT scan. CT scans typically do not require the client to drink excessive fluids afterward. However, hydration might be encouraged if contrast dye was used to help eliminate it from the body. Education is needed to clarify post-procedure instructions.
B. This statement indicates a misconception about the procedure. CT scans do not usually require anesthesia unless it's a complex situation, such as a young child or someone with severe claustrophobia. It's essential to educate the client about what to expect during the CT scan to reduce anxiety and ensure cooperation during the procedure.
C. This statement shows awareness of potential allergies to contrast dye, which often contains iodine. It indicates that the client understands the importance of disclosing allergies to the healthcare team before the procedure. While this is generally a positive sign of awareness, further education may still be needed to ensure complete understanding of allergy management.
D. This statement demonstrates understanding of pre-procedure instructions, which often include fasting or specific dietary restrictions. It suggests that the client understands the importance of these restrictions to ensure accurate test results and safety during the CT scan.

A. Troponin is a heart muscle protein that appears in the bloodstream when there is damage to the heart. B. Troponin is an enzyme that indicates damage to brain, heart, and skeletal muscle tissues. C. Troponin is a protein that helps transport oxygen throughout the body. D. Troponin is a lipid whose levels reflect the risk for coronary artery disease.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Troponin is a protein found in cardiac muscle cells. When there is damage to the heart muscle, such as during a myocardial infarction (heart attack), troponin is released into the bloodstream. Therefore, elevated troponin levels in the blood indicate myocardial injury or damage.
B. Troponin is not an enzyme; it is a protein. While there are enzymes such as creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) that can indicate damage to various tissues including heart and skeletal muscles, troponin specifically indicates cardiac muscle damage.
C. Troponin is not involved in oxygen transport. Hemoglobin, found in red blood cells, is the protein responsible for oxygen transport in the body.
D. Troponin is not a lipid; it is a protein. Lipids include substances like cholesterol and triglycerides. Troponin levels do not reflect the risk for coronary artery disease; rather, they indicate acute damage to the heart muscle.

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A nurse assesses a diabetic client who is admitted with an acid-base imbalance. The client's arterial blood gas values are pH 7.39, PaCO2 27 mm Hg, and HCO3 19 mEq/L. Which sign or symptom does the nurse identify as an example of the client's compensatory mechanisms?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse recognizes the need for client education when the client scheduled for a computed tomography (CT) states:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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