A nurse administers an incorrect medication to a client. Following an assessment of the client, the nurse determines that the client has not experienced any adverse effects as a result of the medication. The nurse does not complete an incident report because no harm came to the client. Which of the following ethical principles did the nurse violate?

Autonomy.

Veracity.

Confidentiality.

Beneficence.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Autonomy: This principle refers to respecting a patient's right to make their own decisions about their healthcare. In this scenario, the nurse's actions did not directly impact the client's autonomy, as the client was not involved in the decision-making process regarding the incident report.

B. Veracity: This principle involves being truthful and transparent. By not completing an incident report, the nurse failed to uphold veracity, as this action concealed the truth about the medication error, potentially affecting future care and trust in the healthcare system.

C. Confidentiality: This principle is about protecting patient information. The nurse's failure to report the incident did not violate confidentiality, as it did not involve disclosing or mishandling the client's private information.

D. Beneficence: This principle focuses on doing good and acting in the best interest of the patient. While the nurse's intention might have been to avoid unnecessary alarm, failing to report the incident could prevent the healthcare team from learning from the mistake and improving patient safety, thus indirectly affecting beneficence.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Asthma - Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by bronchoconstriction, inflammation, and increased mucus production. It does not typically present with absent breath sounds, deviation of the trachea, or hyperresonant percussion sounds. Wheezing is a common finding in asthma.

Choice B rationale:

Pneumothorax - This is the correct choice. The scenario describes classic signs of a tension pneumothorax, which is a medical emergency. The tracheal deviation, absence of breath sounds, and hyperresonant percussion note on the affected side are indicative of air accumulation in the pleural space, leading to lung collapse and displacement of mediastinal structures.

Choice C rationale:

Atelectasis - Atelectasis refers to the collapse or incomplete expansion of a lung or part of a lung. It can lead to decreased breath sounds on auscultation but does not usually cause tracheal deviation or hyperresonance on percussion. It is not the best fit for the described signs.

Choice D rationale:

Pneumonia - Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue that can cause symptoms like fever, cough, and productive sputum. Breath sounds may be diminished over the affected area due to consolidation, but the absence of breath sounds, tracheal deviation, and hyperresonance point more strongly toward a pneumothorax in this case.

A. Pneumonia. B. Atelectasis. C. Pleural effusion. D. Emphysema.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Pneumonia is not likely to be the correct answer. Pneumonia is often characterized by productive cough, fever, chest pain, and increased tactile fremitus due to consolidation of lung tissue. The presence of barrel chest, decreased tactile fremitus, and hyperresonant percussion sounds is not consistent with pneumonia.

Choice B rationale:

Atelectasis is not the most likely option. Atelectasis refers to collapsed or partially collapsed lung tissue, which can lead to decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, and decreased tactile fremitus. The symptoms mentioned in the scenario, such as prolonged expiration, wheezes, and barrel chest, are not indicative of atelectasis.

Choice C rationale:

Pleural effusion is not the most suitable choice. Pleural effusion usually presents with decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, and decreased tactile fremitus over the affected area due to fluid accumulation in the pleural space. The hyperresonant percussion sounds and the presence of wheezes and rhonchi do not align with pleural effusion.

Choice D rationale:

Emphysema is the most likely disorder based on the given symptoms. Barrel chest (increased anterior-posterior chest diameter), limited lung expansion, decreased tactile fremitus, hyperresonant percussion sounds, prolonged expiration, wheezes, and rhonchi are characteristic findings of emphysema. This condition involves damage to the alveoli and their supporting structures, leading to air trapping, reduced lung elasticity, and obstructed airflow. The patient's use of accessory muscles to breathe further suggests a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) like emphysema.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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