A nasal spray of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is used to treat which endocrine disorder of the pituitary gland?

Choice A reason:

Wearing cotton underpants is recommended to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young girls. Cotton is a breathable fabric that allows air to circulate, reducing moisture and creating an environment less conducive to bacterial growth. This helps to keep the genital area dry and clean, which is important in preventing UTIs.

Choice B reason:

Limiting trips to the bathroom is not recommended for preventing UTIs. In fact, it is important for young girls to urinate frequently to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract. Holding urine for extended periods can increase the risk of bacterial growth and infection. Therefore, encouraging regular bathroom trips is a better practice for preventing UTIs.

Choice C reason:

Decreasing salt intake is not directly related to preventing UTIs. While a healthy diet is important for overall health, there is no specific evidence linking salt intake to the prevention of urinary tract infections. The focus should be on practices that directly reduce the risk of bacterial growth and infection in the urinary tract.

Choice D reason:

Soaking in a bathtub, especially with bubble baths or perfumed soaps, can increase the risk of UTIs. These substances can irritate the urethra and create an environment conducive to bacterial growth. It is better to avoid prolonged baths with such products and instead opt for quick showers to maintain hygiene without increasing the risk of infection.

The correct answer is a. Vomiting, c. Tachycardia.

Choice A: Vomiting

Vomiting is a common symptom of thyroid storm. Thyroid storm is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the thyroid gland releases a large amount of thyroid hormone in a short period. This sudden surge in thyroid hormone can cause severe metabolic disturbances, leading to symptoms such as vomiting. Vomiting can result from the body’s attempt to cope with the excessive thyroid hormone levels, which can affect the gastrointestinal system.

Choice B: Constipation

Constipation is not typically associated with thyroid storm. In fact, hyperthyroidism, including thyroid storm, usually causes an increase in bowel movements or diarrhea due to the accelerated metabolism. Constipation is more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland is underactive and slows down bodily functions.

Choice C: Tachycardia

Tachycardia, or a rapid heart rate, is a hallmark symptom of thyroid storm. The excessive thyroid hormones increase the body’s metabolic rate, leading to an increased demand for oxygen and nutrients. To meet this demand, the heart rate increases significantly, often exceeding 140 beats per minute. This rapid heart rate can be dangerous and requires immediate medical attention.

Choice D: Hypotension

Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is not a typical symptom of thyroid storm. Instead, thyroid storm often causes hypertension (high blood pressure) due to the increased metabolic activity and the body’s heightened demand for oxygen and nutrients. The cardiovascular system responds by increasing blood pressure to ensure adequate blood flow to vital organs.