A healthy 70-year-old patient has low hemoglobin levels and no signs of gastrointestinal bleeding.
The nurse recognizes which item is an effect of aging that could be the reason for the low hemoglobin level?

Low level of hepcidin.

Increase in iron-binding capacity.

Decrease in intestinal absorption of iron.

Decrease in erythropoietin secretion from the kidneys.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale:

A low level of hepcidin would not cause a decrease in hemoglobin levels. Hepcidin regulates iron homeostasis by inhibiting the absorption of iron from the intestines and promoting its storage in cells.

Choice B rationale:

An increase in iron-binding capacity typically occurs in conditions like iron deficiency anemia, where the body tries to increase its capacity to transport iron. This would not cause a low hemoglobin level in an otherwise healthy individual.

Choice C rationale:

Aging often leads to a decrease in the efficiency of nutrient absorption, including iron. This decrease in intestinal absorption of iron can result in low hemoglobin levels in elderly individuals. It's a common cause of anemia in the elderly population.

Choice D rationale:

Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells. A decrease in erythropoietin secretion from the kidneys would lead to anemia, but it is not a typical effect of aging and is usually associated with kidney disease.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is choice d. pH = 7.52, PaCO2 = 24 mm Hg, PaO2 = 85 mm Hg, and HCO3 = 24 mEq/L.

Rationales:

Choice A rationale:

pH = 7.46: This value is slightly alkalotic.
PaCO2 = 44 mm Hg: This is within the normal range (35-45 mm Hg), indicating that the respiratory system is not contributing to alkalosis.
PaO2 = 95 mm Hg: This is a normal oxygen level.
HCO3 = 36 mEq/L: This is elevated, indicating metabolic alkalosis rather than respiratory alkalosis.

Choice B rationale:

pH = 7.27: This value is acidic, indicating acidosis.
PaCO2 = 70 mm Hg: This is elevated, indicating respiratory acidosis.
PaO2 = 80 mm Hg: This is slightly low, indicating mild hypoxemia.
HCO3 = 26 mEq/L: This is within the normal range, indicating no metabolic compensation.

Choice C rationale:

pH = 7.30: This value is acidic, indicating acidosis.
PaCO2 = 35 mm Hg: This is within the normal range, indicating that the respiratory system is not contributing to acidosis.
PaO2 = 70 mm Hg: This is low, indicating hypoxemia.
HCO3 = 20 mEq/L: This is low, indicating metabolic acidosis.

Choice D rationale:

pH = 7.52: This value is alkalotic.
PaCO2 = 24 mm Hg: This is low, indicating respiratory alkalosis.
PaO2 = 85 mm Hg: This is a normal oxygen level.
HCO3 = 24 mEq/L: This is within the normal range, indicating no metabolic compensation.

Choice D corresponds with respiratory alkalosis because the pH is alkalotic, and the PaCO2 is low, indicating that the respiratory system is causing the alkalosis. The HCO3 is within the normal range, showing no metabolic compensation.

A. Hemophilia is not hereditary in nature. B. Hemophilia can be treated by replacement therapy. C. Hemophilia is an X-linked dominant genetic disorder. D. Hemophilia B is the most common form of hemophilia.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Hemophilia is a hereditary disorder caused by a deficiency of specific clotting factors, and it is indeed hereditary in nature. This statement is incorrect.

Choice B rationale:

Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder where the blood does not clot properly. Replacement therapy, which involves infusing clotting factor concentrates, is a standard treatment for hemophilia. This statement is correct.

Choice C rationale:

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder, not dominant. Males are more commonly affected because they have only one X chromosome, and if it carries the defective gene, they will have hemophilia. Females have two X chromosomes, and if one X chromosome carries the defective gene, the other X chromosome can compensate, making them carriers but not typically affected.

Choice D rationale:

Hemophilia A is the most common form of hemophilia, not hemophilia B.

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A healthy 70-year-old patient has low hemoglobin levels and no signs of gastrointestinal bleeding.The nurse recognizes which item is an effect of aging that could be the reason for the low hemoglobin level?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which arterial blood gas (ABG) data corresponds with a patient's clinical manifestations of respiratory alkalosis?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationales:

Which statement is true regarding hemophilia?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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The nurse recognizes that patients with von Willebrand disease are at risk for prolonged bleeding times for which reason?

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A healthy 70-year-old patient has low hemoglobin levels and no signs of gastrointestinal bleeding.
The nurse recognizes which item is an effect of aging that could be the reason for the low hemoglobin level?