A community health nurse is providing an in-service to new staff members on isolation precautions. Which of the following diseases should the nurse identify as requiring airborne precautions?
Clostridium difficile
Influenza
Disseminated herpes zoster
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: This is incorrect. Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, which can result in diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever¹. Clostridium difficile is transmitted by contact with fecal matter or contaminated surfaces². Therefore, it requires contact precautions, not airborne precautions³.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Influenza is a viral infection that affects the respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches⁴. Influenza is transmitted by respiratory droplets that are generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking⁵. Therefore, it requires droplet precautions, not airborne precautions³.
Choice C reason: This is correct. Disseminated herpes zoster is a widespread form of shingles that affects multiple areas of the skin and can involve the internal organs⁶. Shingles is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox⁷. Disseminated herpes zoster is transmitted by airborne particles that contain the virus, or by direct contact with the lesions⁶. Therefore, it requires airborne precautions, as well as contact precautions³.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory virus that causes mild to severe infections of the lungs and airways, especially in infants and young children⁸. RSV is transmitted by respiratory droplets, or by contact with contaminated surfaces or secretions⁹. Therefore, it requires contact precautions, and sometimes droplet precautions, but not airborne precautions³.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Initiating topics of conversation that avoid the client's health status is not an appropriate intervention. The nurse should respect the client's wishes and preferences regarding the communication of their condition. The nurse should also provide emotional support and information as needed.
Choice B reason: Recommending the client seek out hospice services rather than seek treatment is not an appropriate intervention. The nurse should not impose their own values or beliefs on the client's decision-making process. The nurse should also respect the client's autonomy and right to self-determination.
Choice C reason: Providing quiet time during visits for prayer or meditation is an appropriate intervention. The nurse should acknowledge and support the client's spiritual needs and practices. The nurse should also facilitate the client's access to spiritual resources and counselors.
Choice D reason: Placing the client's name and medical condition on an online prayer chain is not an appropriate intervention. The nurse should protect the client's privacy and confidentiality and obtain their consent before sharing any personal information. The nurse should also respect the client's cultural and religious diversity and avoid any assumptions or stereotypes.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Sharing computer passwords with a manager is against HIPAA regulations, which emphasize individual access controls to protect client information.
Choice B reason: HIPAA gives clients the right to access their medical records, reflecting an understanding of the regulation's intent to empower patients with information about their health.
Choice C reason: HIPAA is a federal law, and while states can have additional privacy laws, HIPAA itself does not vary from state to state.
Choice D reason: Posting a client's diagnosis in a public area like a communication board is a clear violation of HIPAA, which requires maintaining the confidentiality of health information.
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