A community health nurse is providing an in-service to new staff members on isolation precautions. Which of the following diseases should the nurse identify as requiring airborne precautions?
Clostridium difficile
Influenza
Disseminated herpes zoster
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: This is incorrect. Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, which can result in diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever¹. Clostridium difficile is transmitted by contact with fecal matter or contaminated surfaces². Therefore, it requires contact precautions, not airborne precautions³.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Influenza is a viral infection that affects the respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches⁴. Influenza is transmitted by respiratory droplets that are generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking⁵. Therefore, it requires droplet precautions, not airborne precautions³.
Choice C reason: This is correct. Disseminated herpes zoster is a widespread form of shingles that affects multiple areas of the skin and can involve the internal organs⁶. Shingles is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox⁷. Disseminated herpes zoster is transmitted by airborne particles that contain the virus, or by direct contact with the lesions⁶. Therefore, it requires airborne precautions, as well as contact precautions³.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory virus that causes mild to severe infections of the lungs and airways, especially in infants and young children⁸. RSV is transmitted by respiratory droplets, or by contact with contaminated surfaces or secretions⁹. Therefore, it requires contact precautions, and sometimes droplet precautions, but not airborne precautions³.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is not the priority action, as it does not address an immediate or urgent need of the client. Community support organizations can provide valuable resources and assistance to the client, but they are not essential for the client's safety or recovery.
Choice B reason: This statement is not the priority action, as it does not address an immediate or urgent need of the client. Spiritual support personnel can provide comfort and guidance to the client, but they are not essential for the client's safety or recovery.
Choice C reason: This statement is the priority action, as it addresses an immediate and urgent need of the client. The physical therapist needs to know the activity restrictions for the client following a hip arthroplasty, as they are responsible for developing and implementing a safe and effective rehabilitation plan for the client.
Choice D reason: This statement is not the priority action, as it does not address an immediate or urgent need of the client. A dietitian consult can provide information and education to the client about a vegan diet, but it is not essential for the client's safety or recovery.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Assessing the bladder for distention is an important action, but not the first one. The nurse should first check the uterine tone and position, as a boggy or displaced uterus can indicate uterine atony, the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage.
Choice B reason: Massaging the client's fundus is the first action to take. The nurse should apply firm, circular pressure to the fundus to stimulate uterine contractions and reduce bleeding. The nurse should also monitor the amount and character of lochia.
Choice C reason: Preparing to administer a prescribed oxytocic preparation is a necessary action, but not the first one. The nurse should first attempt to control the bleeding by massaging the fundus and assessing the bladder. If the bleeding persists, the nurse should administer medications such as oxytocin, methylergonovine, or carboprost to enhance uterine contractions.
Choice D reason: Assessing the client's blood pressure is an important action, but not the first one. The nurse should first manage the bleeding by massaging the fundus and preparing to administer medications. The nurse should also monitor the client's vital signs, including blood pressure, pulse, and temperature, for signs of shock or infection
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