A client with aortic regurgitation is being transferred from the critical care unit to the step-down unit. The nurse receiving the patient in the step-down unit is aware that aortic regurgitation causes:
Blood to flow back from the left atrium to the left ventricle
Blood to flow back from the aorta to the left ventricle
Obstruction of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle
Obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle
The Correct Answer is B
A. Blood flowing back from the left atrium to the left ventricle describes mitral regurgitation, not aortic regurgitation.
B. Aortic regurgitation involves the backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole due to an incompetent aortic valve. This leads to volume overload in the left ventricle.
C. Obstruction of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle occurs in mitral stenosis, not aortic regurgitation.
D. Obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle is characteristic of aortic stenosis, not aortic regurgitation.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Sick sinus syndrome – This involves an abnormal SA node function, often with varying rhythm disturbances (e.g., sinus pauses, bradycardia-tachycardia). The strip described is regular and does not reflect these changes.
B. Normal sinus rhythm – The rhythm is regular, the PR interval is within normal limits (0.12–0.20 seconds), the heart rate is 60 beats/min (within the normal range of 60–100), and P waves precede each QRS complex consistently.
C. Sinus bradycardia – Although the rate is 60, which is at the low end of normal, it is not below 60. Bradycardia is defined as <60 bpm.
D. First-degree heart block – First-degree AV block is characterized by a prolonged PR interval >0.20 seconds. The PR interval here is 0.16 seconds, which is normal.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening allergic reaction, but it is less common and less frequently the cause of ICU deaths compared to septic shock.
B. Neurogenic shock results from spinal cord injuries or central nervous system damage and is relatively rare.
C. Septic shock is the most common cause of death in intensive care units in the United States. It results from overwhelming infection and leads to systemic inflammation, vasodilation, and multi-organ dysfunction.
D. Cardiogenic shock occurs due to the heart’s inability to pump effectively, often after a major myocardial infarction, but it is not the leading cause of death in ICUs.
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