A client who has chronic renal failure and has been on dialysis for 2 years has been wondering why he is anemic. The nurse explains that anemia accompanies chronic renal failure because of:

Inadequate retention of serum sodium (Na).

Inadequate production of erythropoietin.

Blood loss in the urine.

Renal desensitization to Vitamin D.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Inadequate retention of serum sodium is not typically associated with anemia in chronic renal failure.

Choice B reason: Inadequate production of erythropoietin is the correct answer because the kidneys produce erythropoietin, which stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. In chronic renal failure, the kidneys cannot produce enough erythropoietin, leading to anemia.

Choice C reason: While blood loss in the urine can occur, it is not the primary cause of anemia in chronic renal failure.

Choice D reason: Renal desensitization to Vitamin D aﬀects bone health and calcium levels but is not the primary cause of anemia in chronic renal failure.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Pre-Renal failure is caused by factors external to the kidneys, typically involving reduced blood ﬂow or hydration aﬀecting kidney function. Gentamicin does not typically cause this type of failure.
Choice B reason : 'Super-secret double renal failure' is not a medically recognized type of renal failure.
Choice C reason : Post-Renal failure is due to obstruction of urine ﬂow from the kidneys, which is not typically associated with Gentamicin use.
Choice D reason : Intra-Renal failure, also known as intrinsic renal failure, is caused by direct damage to the kidneys themselves. Gentamicin can cause acute kidney injury due to its nephrotoxic eﬀects, leading to Intra-Renal failure.

A. Renal biopsy B. Routine urinalysis C. Renal scan D. Creatinine clearance

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason : A renal biopsy is an invasive procedure that can directly assess the extent of glomerular damage and is considered the gold standard for diagnosing the cause of abnormal GFR.

Choice B reason : Routine urinalysis can detect abnormalities in the urine but cannot quantify GFR or directly assess glomerular damage.

Choice C reason : A renal scan can evaluate renal perfusion and function but is less specific for glomerular damage compared to a biopsy.

Choice D reason : Creatinine clearance can estimate GFR but does not provide information on the specific cause of glomerular damage.

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A client who has chronic renal failure and has been on dialysis for 2 years has been wondering why he is anemic. The nurse explains that anemia accompanies chronic renal failure because of:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with severe sepsis related to an untreated rectal/vaginal fistula is admited to the ﬂoor. She has received two doses of Gentamicin. As luck would have it, she is now in acute renal failure. Which type of renal failure did the Gentamicin cause?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

What diagnostic test can be used to determine GFR as well as glomerular damage?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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