A client was recently diagnosed with mild Alzheimer’s disease. Which of the statements shared by the client’s child about their risk for Alzheimer’s disease indicates the need for re-teaching? (Select all that apply.)

 

Choice A Reason:

Aggressive and angry.

Aggressive and angry behavior is not indicative of apathy. Apathy is characterized by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern. Aggression and anger are more likely to be associated with other symptoms of schizophrenia, such as paranoia or frustration, rather than apathy.

Choice B Reason:

Concerned over recent events.

Being concerned over recent events shows an active engagement with one’s environment and emotions. This is the opposite of apathy, which involves a lack of interest or concern. Therefore, this behavior does not align with the definition of apathy.

Choice C Reason:

Indifferent to their surroundings.

This is the correct response. Indifference to one’s surroundings is a clear sign of apathy. In schizophrenia, apathy is a common negative symptom and involves a diminished ability to initiate and sustain activities, including social interactions. This lack of interest or motivation is a key feature of apathy.

Choice D Reason:

Supportive in group.

Being supportive in a group setting indicates active participation and concern for others, which is not consistent with apathy. Apathy would manifest as a lack of engagement or interest in group activities and interactions.

Choice A Reason:

Draws attention and approval from significant others.

This statement is incorrect. Compulsive washing rituals in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are not typically performed to draw attention or gain approval from others. Instead, these rituals are driven by an internal need to reduce anxiety and distress associated with obsessive thoughts. The primary function of these behaviors is to manage the individual’s own anxiety rather than to seek external validation.

Choice B Reason:

Provides temporary and partial relief from anxiety.

This is the correct response. Compulsive washing rituals in OCD are performed to alleviate the intense anxiety and distress caused by obsessive thoughts. Although the relief is temporary and partial, it reinforces the behavior, creating a cycle where the individual feels compelled to repeat the ritual to manage their anxiety. This temporary relief is a key characteristic of compulsive behaviors in OCD.

Choice C Reason:

Increases the inhibitory powers of their superego.

This statement is incorrect. The concept of the superego is related to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, where it represents the internalized moral standards and ideals. Compulsive washing rituals in OCD are not performed to increase the inhibitory powers of the superego but rather to reduce anxiety and distress. The rituals are a response to obsessive thoughts rather than a means of enhancing moral inhibition.

Choice D Reason:

Blocks delusions and hallucinations from awareness.

This statement is incorrect. Delusions and hallucinations are more commonly associated with psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, rather than OCD. Compulsive washing rituals in OCD are not intended to block delusions or hallucinations but to manage anxiety related to obsessive thoughts. The focus of these rituals is on reducing distress rather than addressing psychotic symptoms.