A client presents to the health care clinic for her first prenatal checkup.
What nutritional supplement should the nurse discuss with the client to prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus?

The correct answer is choice A.

Choice A rationale:

Fetal heart tones detected by ultrasound are a positive sign of pregnancy because they provide direct evidence of a fetus.

Choice B rationale:

Breast tenderness is a presumptive sign of pregnancy, not a positive one, as it can be caused by other conditions such as premenstrual syndrome.

Choice C rationale:

A positive urine pregnancy test is a probable sign of pregnancy, not a positive one, as it measures the presence of hCG, a hormone produced during pregnancy. However, certain medications and medical conditions can also produce hCG.

Choice D rationale:

Fatigue is a presumptive sign of pregnancy, not a positive one, as it can be caused by various other conditions such as stress or illness.

The correct answer is choice C.

Choice A rationale:

Keeping the baby’s head covered helps to prevent heat loss, as newborns lose a significant amount of heat through their heads.

Choice B rationale:

Keeping the baby’s bassinet away from fans and air conditioning helps to maintain a stable body temperature.

Choice C rationale:

Newborns’ temperatures are typically checked every 3 to 4 hours, not every hour, and are usually done axillary, not rectally.

Choice D rationale:

Placing the baby on the mother’s stomach and covering her with a warm blanket promotes skin-to-skin contact and helps to maintain the baby’s body temperature.