A client has poor blood circulation. The nurse is concerned about which process of pharmacokinetics?

Distribution

Excretion

Metabolism

Absorption

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Distribution: Distribution refers to the movement of the drug from the bloodstream to tissues and organs. Poor circulation can impair drug distribution, leading to reduced effectiveness or toxic accumulation.

B. Excretion: Excretion is the elimination of drugs, primarily through the kidneys. While circulation plays a role, excretion is more directly affected by renal function.

C. Metabolism: Metabolism occurs primarily in the liver and is not the primary concern in a client with poor circulation.

D. Absorption: Absorption refers to how the drug enters the bloodstream, which is more dependent on the GI tract (oral meds) or injection site (IV, IM meds) rather than circulation.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Here is the rationale for each choice:

A. HbA1C 5.9%: HbA1C is a measure of long-term glucose control in patients, often used in diabetes management. A value of 5.9% is slightly above the normal range (4–5.7%) but does not indicate hepatotoxicity.

B. Albumin 3.8 g/dl: Albumin is a protein produced by the liver, and its levels can reflect liver function. A normal range is 3.5–5 g/dl, and 3.8 g/dl falls within this range. Thus, it does not indicate hepatotoxicity.

C. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 67 units/l: ALT is an enzyme primarily found in the liver and is a key marker for liver injury. The normal range for ALT is approximately 7–56 units/l. A value of 67 units/l is slightly elevated, which may suggest mild liver damage or hepatotoxicity. This result should be reported to the provider, as it could be associated with the medication’s impact on the liver.

D. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 39 units/l: AST is another enzyme used to evaluate liver function, though it is less specific to the liver than ALT, as AST is also found in other tissues such as the heart and muscles. The normal range for AST is roughly 10–40 units/l.

A. Sodium 148 B. Potassium 3.1 C. Sodium 130 D. Potassium 5.7

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Sodium 148: This represents mild hypernatremia, but sodium levels are not the primary concern for cardiac monitoring.

B. Potassium 3.1: This is hypokalemia (low potassium), not hyperkalemia.

C. Sodium 130: This represents hyponatremia, which can cause neurological symptoms, not hyperkalemia.

D. Potassium 5.7: Hyperkalemia is defined as K⁺ >5.0 mEq/L. Levels above 5.5 can cause dangerous cardiac dysrhythmias, requiring ECG monitoring.

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A client has poor blood circulation. The nurse is concerned about which process of pharmacokinetics?

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