A client has poor blood circulation. The nurse is concerned about which process of pharmacokinetics?

Distribution

Excretion

Metabolism

Absorption

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Distribution: Distribution refers to the movement of the drug from the bloodstream to tissues and organs. Poor circulation can impair drug distribution, leading to reduced effectiveness or toxic accumulation.

B. Excretion: Excretion is the elimination of drugs, primarily through the kidneys. While circulation plays a role, excretion is more directly affected by renal function.

C. Metabolism: Metabolism occurs primarily in the liver and is not the primary concern in a client with poor circulation.

D. Absorption: Absorption refers to how the drug enters the bloodstream, which is more dependent on the GI tract (oral meds) or injection site (IV, IM meds) rather than circulation.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "The list obtained from the client does not need to list medications that are not prescribed by the client's provider." All medications must be documented, including over-the-counter drugs, herbal supplements, and non-prescribed medications to avoid drug interactions.

B. "A nurse should write a verbal order in the medical record for medications the client was taking at home." Verbal orders should be avoided unless in an emergency, and reconciliation should be based on a review of documented prescriptions and client reports rather than nurse-written orders.

C. "Complete the reconciliation process one time only when the client is first admitted to the hospital." Medication reconciliation must be repeated at every transition of care, including admission, transfer between units, and discharge.

D. "A comprehensive list of medications is reviewed upon admission/transfer and provided for the client at the time of discharge." Medication reconciliation is a critical process to ensure continuity of care and prevent medication errors. It must be conducted at every transition of care (admission, transfer, and discharge) to compare the client’s home medications with hospital prescriptions and make adjustments as needed.

A. BUN 11 mg/dl serum creatinine 0.8 mg/dl B. BUN 15 mg/dl serum creatine 1.0 mg/dl C. BUN 10 mg/dl, serum creatinine 0.6 mg/dL D. BUN 25 mg/dL serum creatinine 2.3 mg/dl

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. BUN 11 mg/dL, serum creatinine 0.8 mg/dL: These values are normal (BUN: 7-20 mg/dL, creatinine: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL), which are not expected in chronic kidney disease (CKD).

B. BUN 15 mg/dL, serum creatinine 1.0 mg/dL: Also within normal limits.

C. BUN 10 mg/dL, serum creatinine 0.6 mg/dL : These values suggest normal kidney function, not CKD.

D. BUN 25 mg/dL, serum creatinine 2.3 mg/dL : Both elevated BUN and creatinine indicate impaired kidney function, which is expected in CKD.

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A client has poor blood circulation. The nurse is concerned about which process of pharmacokinetics?

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