A client has a new prescription of spironolactone (Aldactone), and wants to learn about how the mechanism of action of this medication. Which of the following statements should the nurse explain to the client?
This medication works in the high-ceiling loop diuretics work in the loop of Henle. It blocks the reabsorption of sodium and chloride and prevents the reabsorption of water, which causes extensive diuresis even with severe renal impairment
This medication works in the distal tubule to block the reabsorption of sodium and chloride and prevents the reabsorption of water.
This medication reduces intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure by raising serum osmolality and drawing fluid back into the vascular and extravascular space.
This medication blocks the action of aldosterone (sodium and water retention), which results in potassium retention and the excretion of sodium and water.
The Correct Answer is D
A. This statement is incorrect because spironolactone is not a loop diuretic and does not act in the loop of Henle. It works in the distal tubules of the kidney.
B. This description is more accurate for thiazide diuretics. Spironolactone works as an aldosterone antagonist and primarily affects sodium and water retention.
C. This description applies to osmotic diuretics like mannitol, not spironolactone.
D. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by blocking aldosterone, preventing sodium and water retention, while promoting the retention of potassium.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. 0.9% Sodium chloride (normal saline) is an isotonic solution, meaning it has a similar osmolality to the blood and will not cause fluid shifts into or out of cells.
B. This is a hypotonic solution, which has a lower osmolality than blood and can cause water to move into cells, potentially leading to cell swelling.
C. This solution is considered isotonic, but it has dextrose, which is metabolized quickly in the body, potentially making the solution hypotonic after glucose is used.
D. This is incorrect, as 0.9% Sodium Chloride is an isotonic solution.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Priapism is a rare side effect that can occur with certain medications, but it is not commonly associated with cimetidine.
B. Cimetidine, a H2 blocker used for stomach acid reduction, can cause decreased libido as a side effect, especially in long-term use, due to its antiandrogenic properties.
C. Sedation is a potential side effect of cimetidine, as it can cross the blood-brain barrier and cause central nervous system effects such as drowsiness.
D. Impotence is another side effect of cimetidine, due to its antiandrogenic effects.
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