A client comes to the clinic complaining of dysphagia and states that "he feels like food is stuck in his throat." The physician suspects esophageal cancer. Which of the following is a risk factor for esophageal cancer?
Family history of esophageal cancer
Consuming a diet high in glucose
Irregular exercise
Smoking tobacco
Correct Answer : A,D
A. A family history of esophageal cancer is a known risk factor. Genetic factors can increase the likelihood of developing esophageal cancer, especially if close family members have had the condition.
B. A diet high in glucose is not specifically associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer. However, poor dietary habits in general, such as a high intake of processed foods or low fiber, can contribute to other health issues.
C. Irregular exercise is not a major risk factor for esophageal cancer. However, a lack of physical activity can contribute to overall health problems, including obesity, which is a known risk factor for some cancers.
D. Smoking tobacco is a significant risk factor for esophageal cancer. Smoking can damage the esophagus and increase the risk of developing both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. This is an appropriate statement. Most patients with an ileostomy can resume physical activities and exercise, though they should be mindful of their stoma and pouch during activities.
B. This is a correct statement. The pouch should be emptied when it is about one-third to one-half full to prevent it from becoming too heavy or causing skin irritation.
C. This is also correct. Adhesive remover can be used to gently remove the pouch and adhesive, preventing irritation to the skin around the stoma.
D. This statement indicates a need for more teaching. While many foods can be eaten after an ileostomy, some foods may cause blockages or discomfort (e.g., nuts, seeds, and high-fiber vegetables). Patients need to be educated on dietary modifications and precautions post-ileostomy.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. While obesity can contribute to various health issues, it is not a direct cause of esophageal varices.
B. Smoking is harmful to overall health, but it is not specifically known to cause esophageal varices.
C. High blood pressure, especially systemic hypertension, is not a direct cause of esophageal varices. However, portal hypertension, which can be caused by liver disease, is the main factor in the development of esophageal varices.
D. Chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, leads to portal hypertension, which in turn causes the veins in the esophagus to become engorged and prone to bleeding, resulting in esophageal varices. This is the most appropriate cause for esophageal varices.
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