A client asks a nurse how long a heat application should be left in place. Which response should the nurse make?
“Maximum benefits occur within the first five minutes.”.
“Therapeutic heat effects occur within 20 to 30 minutes.”.
“The heat should be left in place for at least one hour to be effective.”.
“Heat can be left in place for as long as 12 hours without harmful effects.”.
The Correct Answer is B
Heat application increases blood flow and reduces muscle spasms, which can help relieve pain and promote healing. However, heat should not be applied for longer than 30 minutes at a time, as it can cause tissue damage and inflammation.
Choice A is wrong because maximum benefits do not occur within the first five minutes.
It takes time for heat to penetrate the tissues and cause vasodilation.
Choice C is wrong because the heat should not be left in place for at least one hour to be effective.
This can lead to burns, increased edema, and decreased blood flow.
Choice D is wrong because heat can not be left in place for as long as 12 hours without harmful effects.
This can cause severe tissue damage, infection, and necrosis.
Normal ranges for heat application are between 104°F and 113°F (40°C and 45°C).
The temperature should be checked frequently and adjusted according to the patient’s comfort and tolerance.
The skin should also be inspected for signs of erythema, blisters, or burns.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
This is because non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are medicines that are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis by reducing pain, inflammation, and swelling.
However, NSAIDs do not slow down the disease progression or prevent joint
damage. Therefore, they are often used along with other types of medications, such as methotrexate or biologics, that can modify the disease course. NSAIDs may take up to two weeks to reach their full anti-inflammatory effect.
Choice A is wrong because using aspirin to relieve other types of pain can increase the risk of bleeding and stomach ulcers when taken with NSAIDs.
Choice C is wrong because taking the medication on an empty stomach can increase the risk of stomach irritation and ulcers.
Choice D is wrong because taking the medication after exercising does not prevent the progression of disease or joint damage.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Take this medication at least 30 minutes before ingesting any food or medication.
This is because alendronate (Fosamax) is a bisphosphonate that works by inhibiting the breakdown and reabsorption of bone. However, it has a very low bioavailability, which means that only a small amount of the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream when taken orally. Therefore, taking it with food or other medications can interfere with its absorption and reduce its effectiveness.
The other choices are wrong because:
A. Chew the tablet well and report any difficulty swallowing. This is wrong because alendronate tablets should not be chewed or crushed, but swallowed whole with a full glass of plain water. Chewing or crushing the tablets can increase the risk of irritation or damage to the esophagus (the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach). Difficulty swallowing is a possible side effect of alendronate and should be reported to the doctor, but it is not an instruction for taking the medication.
B. Take the medication with six to eight ounces of milk. This is wrong because milk contains calcium, which can bind to alendronate and prevent its absorption. Alendronate should not be taken with any beverages other than plain water.
C. Lie down for 15 to 30 minutes after taking the medication. This is wrong because lying down after taking alendronate can increase the risk of esophageal irritation or
ulceration. Alendronate should be taken in the morning, at least 30 minutes before eating or drinking anything, and the person should remain upright (sitting or standing) for at least 30 minutes after taking it.
Normal ranges for bone density are expressed as T-scores, which compare a person’s bone density to that of a healthy young adult of the same sex. A T-score of -1.0 or above is normal, a T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 indicates low bone density (osteopenia), and a T-score of -2.5 or below indicates osteoporosis.
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