A child has been prescribed to begin treatment with somatropin for growth deficiency. His mom asks how long he will need to take this medication.

What is the nurse’s best response?

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because spironolactone does not affect the heart rate. Checking the heart rate before each dose is not necessary.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because spironolactone does not interact with acetaminophen. Taking acetaminophen with spironolactone will not cause bleeding.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect because spironolactone does not cause dry cough or increase blood sugar. These are not signs of adverse effects of spironolactone.

Choice D reason: This is correct because spironolactone can cause hyperkalemia, which is a high level of potassium in the blood. Bananas, cantaloupe, and spinach are high-potassium foods that should be avoided by clients taking spironolactone.

Choice A reason: This choice is incorrect because glargine is not a drug that needs to be assessed before a CT scan with contrast. Glargine is a long-acting insulin that lowers blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. It is injected once a day, usually at bedtime, and works for 24 hours. The nurse should monitor the client's blood sugar levels and adjust the dose of glargine as needed, but it does not interfere with the CT scan or the contrast dye.

Choice B reason: This choice is correct because metformin is a drug that needs to be assessed before a CT scan with contrast. Metformin is an oral medication that lowers blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. It works by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and increasing the sensitivity of the cells to insulin. However, metformin can cause a rare but serious condition called lactic acidosis, which is a buildup of lactic acid in the blood that can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, and breathing problems. The risk of lactic acidosis is increased when metformin is combined with contrast dye, which can affect the kidney function and the clearance of metformin from the body. The nurse should check the client's kidney function and the dose and timing of metformin before the CT scan. The nurse should also instruct the client to stop taking metformin before and after the CT scan, as directed by the provider.

Choice C reason: This choice is incorrect because famotidine is not a drug that needs to be assessed before a CT scan with contrast. Famotidine is an antacid that reduces the amount of acid in the stomach. It is used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and gastritis. It does not affect the blood sugar levels or the kidney function, and it does not interact with the contrast dye. The nurse should administer famotidine as prescribed and monitor the client's gastrointestinal symptoms, but it does not require any special precautions before the CT scan.

Choice D reason: This choice is incorrect because glucagon is not a drug that needs to be assessed before a CT scan with contrast. Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. It is used as an emergency treatment for severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), when the person is unconscious or unable to swallow. It is injected into a muscle or under the skin, and it works by stimulating the liver to release glucose into the blood. The nurse should have glucagon available in case of hypoglycemia, but it does not affect the CT scan or the contrast dye.