A 55-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes is admitted to the hospital and is on NPH insulin. The patient experiences symptoms of hypoglycemia. At what time after administration of NPH insulin should the nurse be most vigilant for signs of hypoglycemia due to the peak action of the insulin?

18-24 hours after administration

4-12 hours after administration

12-18 hours after administration

1-2 hours after administration

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A Reason:

NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin that typically has a duration of action of about 12 to 16 hours. The peak action, however, occurs much earlier, making 18-24 hours after administration an incorrect choice for the peak time of hypoglycemia risk.

Choice B Reason:

NPH insulin generally peaks 4 to 12 hours after administration This is the period when the insulin is most effective at lowering blood glucose levels, and therefore, the time when the patient is at the highest risk for hypoglycemia. Monitoring for signs of hypoglycemia during this window is crucial to ensure patient safety.

Choice C Reason:

While NPH insulin can have effects lasting up to 16 hours, the peak action occurs earlier, between 4 to 12 hours. Therefore, 12-18 hours after administration is not the correct time frame for the peak action of NPH insulin.

Choice D Reason:

NPH insulin starts to act within 1 to 2 hours after administration, but this is not the peak time. The peak action, when the risk of hypoglycemia is highest, occurs later, between 4 to 12 hours after administration.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Shortness of breath is not typically associated with Meniere’s disease. This condition primarily affects the inner ear, leading to symptoms related to balance and hearing. Shortness of breath is more commonly linked to respiratory or cardiovascular issues.

Choice B Reason:

Chest pain is not a characteristic symptom of Meniere’s disease. Chest pain is usually related to cardiac or musculoskeletal problems. Meniere’s disease affects the inner ear and does not typically cause chest pain.

Choice C Reason:

Fever is not a common symptom of Meniere’s disease. Fever is generally associated with infections or inflammatory conditions. Meniere’s disease involves the buildup of fluid in the inner ear, leading to vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss, but not fever.

Choice D Reason:

Vertigo is the most characteristic symptom of Meniere’s disease. Vertigo involves a spinning sensation that can be severe and debilitating. It is caused by the abnormal fluid buildup in the inner ear, which disrupts the balance and hearing functions. This symptom is a hallmark of Meniere’s disease and is often accompanied by tinnitus and hearing loss.

A. Adrenal hyperplasia B. Pituitary adenoma C. Thyroid carcinoma D. Hypothalamic dysfunction

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Adrenal hyperplasia involves the enlargement of the adrenal glands, which can lead to an overproduction of adrenal hormones. However, it does not directly cause hyperpituitarism. Hyperpituitarism is related to the overactivity of the pituitary gland, not the adrenal glands.

Choice B Reason:

Pituitary adenoma is the most common cause of hyperpituitarism. These benign tumors in the pituitary gland lead to the overproduction of one or more pituitary hormones, causing symptoms such as severe headaches, visual disturbances, and joint pain. The pituitary gland’s overactivity due to the adenoma results in the excessive release of hormones, which can affect various bodily functions.

Choice C Reason:

Thyroid carcinoma is a type of cancer that affects the thyroid gland While it can cause hormonal imbalances, it does not typically lead to hyperpituitarism. The symptoms described are more consistent with a pituitary-related issue rather than a thyroid condition.

Choice D Reason:

Hypothalamic dysfunction can affect the pituitary gland’s function since the hypothalamus regulates pituitary hormone release. However, it is less likely to be the primary cause of hyperpituitarism compared to a pituitary adenoma. The direct overproduction of hormones by the pituitary gland is more commonly due to an adenoma.

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A 55-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes is admitted to the hospital and is on NPH insulin. The patient experiences symptoms of hypoglycemia. At what time after administration of NPH insulin should the nurse be most vigilant for signs of hypoglycemia due to the peak action of the insulin?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 55-year-old patient is diagnosed with Meniere’s disease. Which of the following symptoms is most characteristic of this condition?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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