A 52-year-old male is diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency, presenting with pooling of blood in the veins of the lower extremities and edema.

Which of the following is an expected assessment finding of this disorder?

Skin hyperpigmentation.

Gangrene.

Edema above the knee.

Deep vein thrombus formation.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale
Skin hyperpigmentation is a common symptom of chronic venous insufficiency. This happens because blood pools in the veins and can leak into the surrounding tissue, causing a change in skin color.
Choice B rationale
Gangrene is not a typical symptom of chronic venous insufficiency. Gangrene is a serious condition that occurs when tissue dies due to a lack of blood flow.
Choice C rationale
Edema, or swelling, is a common symptom of chronic venous insufficiency, but it typically occurs in the lower legs and ankles, not above the knee.
Choice D rationale
Deep vein thrombus formation is not a typical symptom of chronic venous insufficiency. However, a history of deep vein thrombosis can increase the risk of developing chronic venous insufficiency.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Left heart failure is a common cause of right heart failure. When the left side of the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, it can cause increased pressure in the lungs, which can then lead to right heart failure.
Choice B rationale
Pericarditis, an inflammation of the sac-like covering around the heart, is not typically a direct cause of right heart failure.
Choice C rationale
While hypertension, or high blood pressure, can contribute to heart failure, it typically affects the left side of the heart more than the right.
Choice D rationale
Acute pneumonia, an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, is not typically a direct cause of right heart failure.

A. Atrial Flutter - Cardioversion B. Ventricular Tachycardia - Cardioversion C. Atrial Fibrillation - Cardioversion D. Ventricular Fibrillation - Defibrillation

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Atrial Flutter is a type of arrhythmia where the atria beat regularly, but much faster than usual. The treatment for Atrial Flutter is typically medication, not cardioversion.
Choice B rationale
Ventricular Tachycardia is a fast, abnormal heart rate. It starts in your heart’s lower chambers, or ventricles. Ventricular Tachycardia is a serious condition and can be life-threatening. While cardioversion can be used in some cases, it is not the primary treatment.
Choice C rationale
Atrial Fibrillation is when the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat irregularly. This causes the atria to twitch, leading to an abnormal heart rhythm. The treatment for Atrial Fibrillation is typically medication, not cardioversion.
Choice D rationale
Ventricular Fibrillation is a life-threatening heart rhythm that results in a rapid, erratic heartbeat. During Ventricular Fibrillation, the heart quivers and can’t pump any blood, causing cardiac arrest. The treatment for Ventricular Fibrillation is Defibrillation.

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A 52-year-old male is diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency, presenting with pooling of blood in the veins of the lower extremities and edema. Which of the following is an expected assessment finding of this disorder?

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A 52-year-old male is diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency, presenting with pooling of blood in the veins of the lower extremities and edema.

Which of the following is an expected assessment finding of this disorder?