A 45-year-old patient has been prescribed a topical antibiotic for an ear infection. What is the correct way to administer this medication?

Tilt the head to the side, pull the earlobe up and back, and instill the drops into the ear canal.

Lay flat on your back, place the drops on a cotton ball, and insert the cotton ball into the ear canal.

Tilt the head to the side, pull the earlobe down and back, and instill the drops into the ear canal.

Tilt the head forward, pull the earlobe up and forward, and instill the drops into the ear canal.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A Reason:

Tilting the head to the side and pulling the earlobe up and back is the recommended method for adults to straighten the ear canal, allowing the drops to flow directly into the ear canal and reach the site of infection effectively. This method ensures that the medication is properly administered and can work effectively to treat the infection.

Choice B Reason:

Laying flat on your back and placing the drops on a cotton ball before inserting it into the ear canal is not a recommended method for administering ear drops. This method can prevent the medication from reaching the ear canal properly and may not be as effective in treating the infection. Additionally, using a cotton ball can absorb the medication, reducing its effectiveness.

Choice C Reason:

Tilting the head to the side and pulling the earlobe down and back is the correct method for administering ear drops to children under three years old. For adults, this method is not recommended as it does not straighten the ear canal properly, which can prevent the medication from reaching the site of infection effectively.

Choice D Reason:

Tilting the head forward and pulling the earlobe up and forward is not a recommended method for administering ear drops. This method does not properly straighten the ear canal and can prevent the medication from reaching the site of infection. It is important to follow the correct technique to ensure the medication is effective.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Administering intravenous acetazolamide is a critical intervention for acute narrow-angle glaucoma. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that reduces the production of aqueous humor, thereby lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) quickly. Reducing IOP is essential to prevent optic nerve damage and preserve vision. Normal IOP ranges from 10 to 21 mmHg, and in acute narrow-angle glaucoma, it can exceed 30 mmHg. Rapid reduction of IOP is crucial to alleviate symptoms and prevent further complications.

Choice B Reason:

Applying warm compresses to the affected eye is not an appropriate intervention for acute narrow-angle glaucoma. Warm compresses may provide temporary relief for some eye conditions, but they do not address the underlying issue of elevated intraocular pressure. In fact, warm compresses can potentially increase blood flow to the eye, which might exacerbate the condition.

Choice C Reason:

Encouraging the patient to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated is generally good advice for overall health, but it is not a prioritized intervention for acute narrow-angle glaucoma. Hydration does not directly impact intraocular pressure or alleviate the acute symptoms of glaucoma. The primary focus should be on reducing IOP to prevent optic nerve damage.

Choice D Reason:

Administering a mydriatic agent to dilate the pupil is contraindicated in acute narrow-angle glaucoma. Mydriatic agents can worsen the condition by further narrowing the anterior chamber angle, increasing intraocular pressure, and potentially causing more damage to the optic nerve. It is crucial to avoid pupil dilation in this scenario.

A. Advise the patient to increase their screen time to exercise their eye muscles. B. Encourage the patient to quit smoking to slow the progression of the disease. C. Suggest the patient avoid all physical activities to prevent further eye damage. D. Inform the patient to reduce their water intake to prevent fluid accumulation in the eyes.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Advising the patient to increase their screen time to exercise their eye muscles is not appropriate for managing macular degeneration. Increased screen time can cause eye strain and does not benefit the condition. Instead, patients should be encouraged to engage in activities that do not exacerbate eye strain.

Choice B Reason:

Encouraging the patient to quit smoking is a crucial intervention for managing macular degeneration. Smoking is a significant risk factor for the progression of macular degeneration. Quitting smoking can help slow the progression of the disease and improve overall eye health. This intervention addresses a modifiable risk factor and can have a positive impact on the patient’s condition.

Choice C Reason:

Suggesting the patient avoid all physical activities to prevent further eye damage is not necessary for managing macular degeneration. Physical activity is important for overall health and does not directly impact the progression of macular degeneration. Patients should be encouraged to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity.

Choice D Reason:

Informing the patient to reduce their water intake to prevent fluid accumulation in the eyes is not relevant for managing macular degeneration. Adequate hydration is important for overall health, and there is no evidence to suggest that reducing water intake will benefit patients with macular degeneration. This advice could potentially lead to dehydration and other health issues.

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