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Pathophysiology of Lymphoma

- Lymphoma develops when a lymphocyte undergoes a malignant transformation due to a genetic or epigenetic alteration

- The altered lymphocyte escapes from the normal mechanisms of apoptosis (programmed cell death) and immune surveillance

- The altered lymphocyte proliferates and forms a tumor mass in the lymphatic tissue or organ

- The tumor mass disrupts the normal structure and function of the affected tissue or organ

- The tumor mass also secretes cytokines and chemokines that attract other inflammatory cells and stimulate angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation)

The tumor cells can spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the bloodstream.

Questions on Pathophysiology of Lymphoma

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma does not affect only the bone marrow. It primarily involves the lymphatic system, which includes lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Age and ethnicity can be considered risk factors for lymphoma. For example, certain types of lymphoma are more common in older individuals, and there may be variations in lymphoma incidence based on ethnicity.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

Increased blood pressure is not a typical clinical manifestation of lymphoma. It is not directly related to the disease process.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This statement is incorrect. HL primarily affects lymph nodes, and it can also spread to other organs. NHL, on the other hand, can affect various organs, including lymph nodes, but it does not primarily affect the digestive tract. Again, the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells is a more critical distinguishing factor.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

<p>Lymphoma tumor cells can spread beyond the lymphatic system to other parts of the body. This spread is a significant concern in lymphoma, as it can lead to metastasis. Therefore, this statement is not accurate.</p>

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Feeling weak and fatigued can be a non-specific symptom seen in various medical conditions, including lymphoma. However, it is not a B-symptom and does not specifically point to lymphoma. While fatigue can be associated with the disease, it is essential to consider other symptoms like night sweats and unexplained weight loss when assessing a patient for lymphoma.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Difficulty breathing is not a primary symptom of Hodgkin's lymphoma. While it is possible for HL to cause enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum, leading to compression of the airways, this is not a common presenting symptom.

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a more aggressive type of NHL, not a less aggressive one. DLBCL is the most common subtype of NHL and is characterized by rapidly growing large B cells.

Blood tests, including a complete blood count (CBC) and blood chemistry, are routinely performed in the diagnostic process for lymphoma. These tests can provide valuable information about the patient's overall health, including potential abnormalities in blood cell counts and markers of organ functi

<p>&quot;What is your favorite type of food?&quot; The patient&#39;s food preferences are not relevant to the assessment of lymphoma. This question does not provide essential information for evaluating the patient&#39;s condition or developing an appropriate care plan.</p>

"I will give you all the necessary medications." While medication management is a crucial aspect of lymphoma treatment, it should be discussed after the patient has been informed about their specific lymphoma type, treatment options, and potential side effects. The choice of medications depends on t

"I will perform surgery to alleviate the pain and itching." Surgical intervention is not a primary or standard approach for addressing pain and itching in lymphoma patients. Surgery is typically reserved for specific cases, such as lymph node biopsy or removal, and would not be the first-line treatm

Teach the patient to report signs of bleeding such as bruising. Educating the patient to report signs of bleeding, such as bruising, is essential in lymphoma care. Early detection and intervention can prevent complications associated with bleeding disorders. This proactive approach allows healthcare

Recommend avoiding high-calorie foods. Avoiding high-calorie foods is not advisable for a lymphoma patient experiencing weight loss and weakness. These patients often require extra calories to combat weight loss and support their energy needs during treatment. Encouraging a healthy intake of calorie

<p>Administer diuretics as prescribed. Administering diuretics should not be the first-line intervention for a patient with lymphoma who is at risk of fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Diuretics can exacerbate these imbalances and should only be used when medically necessary and under the guidance of
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