INTRODUCTION

• The nervous system is composed of two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
• The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing sensory information, generating motor commands, and regulating cognitive and emotional functions
• The PNS consists of the cranial and spinal nerves, which connect the CNS to the rest of the body and transmit sensory and motor signals
• The PNS is further divided into two subdivisions: the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
• The SNS controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles and provides sensory feedback from the skin, joints, and muscles
• The ANS regulates involuntary functions of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands. It has two branches: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
• The SNS prepares the body for stress or emergency situations by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and blood glucose levels. It also dilates the pupils, bronchi, and blood vessels to skeletal muscles
• The PNS restores the body to a state of rest and relaxation by decreasing heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and blood glucose levels. It also constricts the pupils, bronchi, and blood vessels to skeletal muscles
• The nervous system is composed of two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
• The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing sensory information, generating motor commands, regulating autonomic functions, and performing higher cognitive functions
• The PNS consists of the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and peripheral nerves, which connect the CNS to the rest of the body and transmit sensory and motor signals
• The nervous system is composed of two types of cells: neurons and glial cells
• Neurons are specialized cells that generate and conduct electrical impulses along their axons
• Glial cells are supportive cells that provide insulation, nutrition, protection, and repair for neurons
• The nervous system is vulnerable to various diseases and disorders that can affect its structure or function
• Neurological disorders can be classified into four main categories: neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation, epilepsy and seizure disorders, and others (such as trauma, stroke, tumors, infections, etc.)
• Neurological disorders can have significant impacts on the physical, mental, emotional, social, and occupational aspects of a patient’s life
• Nursing care for patients with neurological disorders requires a comprehensive assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation of interventions that address the patient’s needs and goals
• The nervous system is composed of two types of cells: neurons and glia
• Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical impulses and chemical signals
• Glia are supportive cells that provide insulation, protection, nutrition, and regulation for neurons