Which type of fracture occurs when the bone is crushed and shattered into multiple fragments?

Nonunion occurs when the fractured bone fails to heal and fuse together despite appropriate treatment. It is associated with persistent pain and limited function.

b. Malunion: Malunion refers to a fracture that heals in an incorrect position or alignment, but it may or may not cause persistent pain and limited function.
c. Delayed union: Delayed union refers to a fracture that takes longer than usual to heal but eventually heals properly. It is not specifically associated with persistent pain and limited function.
d. Osteomyelitis: Osteomyelitis is a bone infection that can develop as a complication of fractures, but it may or may not cause persistent pain and limited function, depending on its severity and treatment response.

It is crucial for the patient to regularly check for signs of skin irritation and redness around the cast edges. Skin irritation and redness can indicate pressure points or infection, and early identification can prevent complications.

a. Breaking off rough edges of the cast with scissors can damage the cast and compromise its structural integrity. The patient should not alter the cast in any way.
c. Using lotion to moisturize the skin under the cast is not recommended, as it can lead to skin irritation and may compromise the cast's fit and function. The skin under the cast should be kept dry and clean.
d. Using a heating pad to alleviate discomfort is not recommended, as excessive heat can lead to skin irritation and may weaken the cast. The patient should use ice packs or follow the healthcare provider's instructions for pain management.