Which term describes the fibrous connective tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord?

Dura mater.

Meninges.

Pia mater.

Arachnoid mater.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

The dura mater is the outermost, tough, and fibrous layer of the meninges that provides protection to the brain and spinal cord.

Choice B rationale

Meninges collectively refer to the three layers of protective membranes (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater) that cover the brain and spinal cord.

Choice C rationale

The pia mater is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges that closely envelopes the brain and spinal cord, providing support and nourishment.

Choice D rationale

The arachnoid mater is the middle layer of the meninges that has a web-like appearance and provides cushioning for the brain and spinal cord.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

The parietal lobe is responsible for processing sensory information and spatial awareness, including proprioception (the sense of body position in space). Damage to the parietal lobe can affect these functions.

Choice B rationale

The temporal lobe is involved in processing auditory information and memory, not spatial awareness. Damage to this lobe would affect hearing and memory rather than proprioception.

Choice C rationale

The frontal lobe is associated with executive functions, such as decision-making, problem-solving, and motor control, but not primarily with spatial awareness. Damage to this lobe impacts cognitive and motor functions.

Choice D rationale

The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information. Damage to this lobe affects vision rather than spatial awareness or proprioception.

A. Dysfunction of the spinal accessory nerve. B. Dysfunction of the acoustic nerve. C. Dysfunction of the facial nerve. D. Dysfunction of the vagus nerve. E. Dysfunction of the vagus nerve.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

The spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which are responsible for movements of the head and shoulders. Dysfunction in this nerve would not affect the gag reflex.

Choice B rationale

The acoustic nerve (cranial nerve VIII) is responsible for hearing and balance. Dysfunction in this nerve would lead to hearing loss and balance issues, not an absent gag reflex.

Choice C rationale

The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) controls muscles of facial expression and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Dysfunction here results in facial paralysis or weakness but not in the absence of a gag reflex.

Choice D rationale

The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) innervates muscles of the pharynx and larynx, which are involved in swallowing and the gag reflex. Dysfunction in the vagus nerve would result in an absent gag reflex, which is why the nurse determines this as the issue.

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Which term describes the fibrous connective tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client has difficulty interpreting their awareness of body position in space. Which lobe is most likely to be damaged?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client is being tested for a gag reflex. When the nurse places the tongue blade to the back of the throat, there is no response elicited. What dysfunction does the nurse determine the client has?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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