Which side effect of statin medications like simvastatin should be the most concerning?

Dry mouth

Diarrhea

Muscle pain

Headache

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Dry mouth is a relatively minor side effect of statin medications and is generally not a cause for significant concern. While it can be uncomfortable and may affect oral health if persistent, it does not typically indicate a serious underlying condition.

Choice B reason: Diarrhea can be an inconvenient and uncomfortable side effect of statins, but it is not usually considered dangerous. It is important to manage it to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, but it is not as concerning as some other side effects.

Choice C reason: Muscle pain, also known as myalgia, is the most concerning side effect of statin medications like simvastatin. In rare cases, muscle pain can progress to a more serious condition called rhabdomyolysis, where muscle tissue breaks down rapidly, releasing a protein called myoglobin into the bloodstream. This can lead to kidney damage and, in severe cases, kidney failure. Therefore, any new or unexplained muscle pain should be promptly reported to a healthcare provider for evaluation.

Choice D reason: Headache is a common and generally mild side effect of many medications, including statins. While it can be bothersome, it is not typically indicative of a serious problem and is not considered as concerning as muscle pain related to statin use.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Amphotericin B is typically administered intravenously because it is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and thus not suitable for oral administration. It is used to treat severe systemic fungal infections and is known for its potential nephrotoxicity and other adverse effects.

Choice B reason: Azoles, such as fluconazole and itraconazole, generally have lower toxicity compared to amphotericin B. They are often used as first-line treatments for many fungal infections due to their safer side effect profile. Azoles work by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes, and are available in both oral and intravenous formulations, making them more versatile in their use.

Choice C reason: While amphotericin B does have some drug interactions, it is not typically known for significantly increasing the levels of many other drugs. Instead, the primary concern with amphotericin B is its potential for nephrotoxicity and other direct adverse effects on the patient.

Choice D reason: Both amphotericin B and azoles are considered broad-spectrum antifungal agents. Amphotericin B is effective against a wide range of fungi, including many that are resistant to other antifungal agents. Azoles are also broad-spectrum and are used to treat a variety of fungal infections, but they generally have a better safety profile than amphotericin B.

A. Abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. B. Abdominal distention, pain, inability to have a bowel movement, and nausea/vomiting. C. Dehydration, back pain, and fever. D. Diarrhea and excessive thirst.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Abdominal pain and rectal bleeding are not the primary signs of a bowel obstruction. Rectal bleeding could be indicative of other gastrointestinal issues such as hemorrhoids, diverticulosis, or colorectal cancer. While abdominal pain is a symptom of bowel obstruction, rectal bleeding is not typically associated with it.

Choice B reason: The primary symptoms of bowel obstruction include abdominal distention, pain, inability to have a bowel movement, and nausea/vomiting. When a bowel obstruction occurs, the normal movement of intestinal contents is blocked, leading to a buildup of contents and gas. This results in abdominal distention and pain. The blockage also prevents the passage of stool and gas, causing constipation or inability to have a bowel movement. Nausea and vomiting are common as the digestive system tries to expel the contents that cannot pass through the obstruction.

Choice C reason: Dehydration, back pain, and fever are not the hallmark symptoms of bowel obstruction. While dehydration can occur due to vomiting and reduced intake, back pain is not commonly associated with bowel obstruction. Fever may indicate an infection or other complications but is not a primary symptom of bowel obstruction.

Choice D reason: Diarrhea and excessive thirst are not typical signs of bowel obstruction. In fact, bowel obstruction usually leads to constipation or the inability to pass stool rather than diarrhea. Excessive thirst could be a sign of dehydration but is not specific to bowel obstruction.

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Which side effect of statin medications like simvastatin should be the most concerning?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nursing student asks a nurse to explain the differences between amphotericin B and the azoles group of antifungal agents. Which statement by the nurse is correct?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The symptoms and signs of bowel obstruction are:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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