Which parasites causes malaria?

A. Celiac disease: This is an autoimmune disorder unrelated to peptic ulcer disease.

B. Penetration of the gastric wall: A severe complication of peptic ulcer disease is the penetration of the ulcer through the gastric or duodenal wall into adjacent organs, leading to further inflammation and damage.

C. Hepatorenal syndrome: This is a severe complication of liver disease, not peptic ulcer disease.

D. Persistent bleeding: Peptic ulcers can cause persistent or recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding, which can lead to anemia or require emergency medical intervention.

E. Inflammatory bowel disease: This is a separate condition that includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

F. Iron overload: This condition is unrelated to peptic ulcer disease and more associated with genetic disorders like hemochromatosis.

A. Aortic valve regurgitation: This condition involves the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle, not the left atrium.

B. Mitral valve regurgitation occurs when the mitral valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow back from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole.

C. Mitral valve stenosis involves the narrowing of the mitral valve, restricting blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, but does not involve backflow into the left atrium.

D. Aortic valve stenosis is the narrowing of the aortic valve, which restricts blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta, not back into the atrium.