Which of the following pre-operative assessments is essential for a patient scheduled for amputation?

Increased swelling and bruising of the residual limb after a below-the-knee amputation may indicate a possible complication such as hematoma formation or poor wound healing. It requires further assessment and intervention by the healthcare team.

b. Mild tenderness and discomfort at the surgical site: Mild tenderness and discomfort are common after surgery and may be expected in the post-operative period. As long as the pain is manageable and not worsening, it is not necessarily an indication of a significant complication.
c. Gradual decrease in phantom limb pain over time: Phantom limb pain may gradually decrease over time as the nerve endings adapt to the amputation, and the brain's perception of the missing limb changes. This finding is a normal part of the post-amputation process and is not typically a complication.
d. Resumption of normal daily activities with a prosthetic limb: Resuming normal daily activities with a prosthetic limb is a positive outcome and a sign of successful rehabilitation and adaptation to the prosthesis. It is not indicative of a complication.

Assessing the surgical incision for signs of infection is essential in the immediate post-operative period after amputation to detect any early signs of complications such as infection. Prompt identification and intervention can prevent further complications and promote healing.

a. Administering opioid pain medications regularly: While pain management is important after amputation, administering opioid pain medications regularly may lead to potential side effects and dependency. Pain medications should be given as needed and in response to the patient's pain level.

c. Encouraging the patient to perform active range of motion exercises: Active range of motion exercises may not be appropriate immediately after amputation due to wound healing and surgical site considerations. The focus in the immediate post-operative period is on wound care and monitoring.

d. Providing emotional support and counseling: Emotional support and counseling are essential for a patient who underwent amputation, but in the immediate post-operative period, the priority is on physical assessment and wound care.