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Which of the following neurotransmitters plays an excitatory role in neuromuscular transmission?

A.

GABA

B.

Glycine

C.

Acetylcholine

D.

Serotonin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, meaning it generally reduces neuronal excitability and does not play a role in excitatory neuromuscular transmission.
B. Glycine is also an inhibitory neurotransmitter, mainly in the spinal cord, and works to prevent over-excitation of neurons, not directly involved in neuromuscular transmission.
C. Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for neuromuscular transmission. It binds to receptors on muscle cells, causing depolarization and triggering muscle contraction, thus playing an excitatory role.
D. Serotonin primarily functions in the brain to regulate mood, appetite, and sleep but does not play a direct role in neuromuscular transmission.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Cushing's syndrome is most commonly caused by the hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal glands. It can also result from excess production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland, but the primary issue is often adrenal hypersecretion.

B. While the pituitary gland can contribute to Cushing's syndrome by secreting too much ACTH (which stimulates the adrenal glands), it is the adrenal glands that primarily cause the symptoms of the condition.

C. The parathyroid glands are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood, not for the production of cortisol.

D. The thymus plays a role in immune system development, but it is not involved in Cushing's syndrome.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Cardiac index is a measure of cardiac output adjusted for body surface area. It provides a more individualized view of heart function but does not specifically refer to the amount of blood ejected during each contraction.

B. Cardiac output refers to the total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, which is the product of stroke volume and heart rate. However, it describes the total blood output over time, not the blood ejected per contraction.

C. Stroke volume is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction. It is a key measurement of heart function.

D. Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood in the left ventricle that is ejected during each contraction. While related to stroke volume, it is a ratio rather than the actual volume of blood ejected.

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