Which of the following is the primary function of B cells during antibody-mediated immunity?
Directly attacking and killing infected cells.
Producing antibodies against pathogens.
Regulating the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation.
Recognizing antigens presented by macrophages.
The Correct Answer is B
Explanation: B cells are specialized in producing antibodies against specific antigens. When B cells encounter a pathogen or foreign substance with a matching antigen, they become activated and differentiate into plasma cells. Plasma cells then secrete large amounts of antibodies, which can recognize and neutralize the pathogen.
Incorrect choices:
a. B cells do not directly attack and kill infected cells. That role is primarily performed by cytotoxic T cells during cell-mediated immunity.
c. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are responsible for regulating the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation and maintain immune homeostasis.
d. B cells recognize antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells like macrophages, but their primary function is to produce antibodies, not to recognize antigens directly.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Explanation: The immune response is a complex system of defense mechanisms that aim to protect the body from pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances. It involves the activation of various immune cells, production of antibodies, and other immune components to recognize and eliminate the invading pathogens.
Incorrect choices:
a. Directly attacking and killing infected cells is the role of cytotoxic T cells during cell-mediated immunity, but it is not the primary purpose of the overall immune response.
b. Antigens are foreign substances that trigger the immune response. They are not produced by the immune response itself but rather recognized by immune cells and antibodies.
c. The immune response is not involved in regulating the body's metabolism. Metabolism regulation is primarily controlled by other systems in the body, such as the endocrine system.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
xplanation: Memory B cells are formed during the primary immune response and play a critical role in the secondary immune response. When re-exposed to the same antigen, memory B cells quickly differentiate into plasma cells that produce large quantities of specific antibodies, leading to a rapid and robust immune response.
Incorrect choices:
a. The production of antibodies during the primary immune response is primarily carried out by plasma cells, not memory B cells.
b. The activation of helper T cells is essential for coordinating the immune response, but memory B cells are not directly responsible for this process.
c. The initiation of the complement cascade is a separate component of the immune response involving complement proteins, and memory B cells are not directly involved in this process.
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