Which of the following disorders leads to cyanosis from deoxygenated blood entering the systemic arterial circulation?

Carctation of aorta

Artic stenosis

Patient ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Tetralogy of fallot

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by a combination of four specific heart abnormalities:
Ventricular septal defect (VSD): A hole in the wall (septum) between the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart.
Overriding aorta: The aorta is positioned over both the left and right ventricles, allowing oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood from the right ventricle to mix with oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood from the left ventricle.
Pulmonic stenosis: Narrowing of the pulmonary valve or artery, which restricts blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Right ventricular hypertrophy: The right ventricle becomes thicker and more muscular as it works harder to pump blood against the narrowed pulmonary valve or artery.
The combination of these defects results in deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle being pumped into the systemic circulation, leading to cyanosis (blueness of the skin) due to decreased oxygen levels in the arterial blood.
The other options (A, B, and C) describe different congenital heart defects but do not specifically result in cyanosis due to deoxygenated blood entering the systemic circulation:

A. Coarctation of the aorta results in the narrowing of the aorta but does not directly lead to cyanosis from the mixing of oxygen-poor blood.

B. Aortic stenosis involves narrowing of the aortic valve but does not typically result in cyanosis in the same way as Tetralogy of Fallot.

C. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) involves a connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery but does not cause cyanosis from mixing to the extent seen in the Tetralogy of Fallot.

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Correct Answer is ["A","E"]

Explanation

The findings that indicate a diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in a 5-year-old patient are:

A. Peripheral Edema: Peripheral edema, or swelling in the extremities, can be a sign of fluid retention due to impaired kidney function in AKI.

E. Oliguria: Oliguria, which is a decreased urine output, is a common sign of AKI. It can be defined as a urine output of less than 0.5 mL/kg/hour in children.

The other findings mentioned (B, C, and D) do not specifically indicate a diagnosis of AKI:

B. Blood pressure of 112/70: The blood pressure within this range is not necessarily indicative of AKI on its own.

C. Potassium level of 4.7 (normal: 3.5-5.0 mmol/L): While abnormal potassium levels can be associated with AKI, a potassium level of 4.7 mmol/L is within the normal range.

D. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not typically a direct symptom of AKI but may be seen in various other conditions or as a result of electrolyte imbalances associated with kidney dysfunction.

A. 500 mg B. 750 mg C. 250 mg D. 1000 mg

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

To calculate the safest dose of amoxicillin for Archie based on his weight of 44 pounds (lbs) and the recommended dose of 50 mg/kg/day in two divided doses, you should follow these steps:

Step 1: Convert Archie's weight from pounds (lbs) to kilograms (kg).

1 pound = 0.453592 kilograms

44 lbs * 0.453592 kg/lb = 19.504 kg (rounded to the nearest tenth)

Step 2: Calculate the total daily dose based on his weight.

Total daily dose = Weight (kg) * Dose (mg/kg/day)

Total daily dose = 19.504 kg * 50 mg/kg/day = 975.2 mg/day

Step 3: Divide the total daily dose into two equal doses since it's to be administered in two divided doses.

Each dose = Total daily dose / 2

Each dose = 975.2 mg/day / 2 = 487.6 mg/dose

Since it's not possible to administer a fraction of a milligram accurately, you would round the dose to the nearest available dosage strength.

Therefore, the safest dose for Archie would be:

500 mg

So, Archie should take 500 mg of amoxicillin before his dentist appointment.

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Which of the following disorders leads to cyanosis from deoxygenated blood entering the systemic arterial circulation?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 5-year-old patient is brought into the Emergency Room and is diagnosed with an Acute Kidney injury (AKI). Which findings indicate this diagnosis?

Correct Answer is ["A","E"]

Explanation

Archie who weighs 44 tb has been given an order for amoxilin 500 mg bid to take before a dentist appointment based on his history of infective endocans. The drug test shows that the daily dose of amoecitin is 50 mg/kg/day in two divided doses. What dose in milligrams is safest for this child?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Surgical repair for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is done to prevent the complication of

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