Which directional term means more toward the head or above another structure?

Choice A rationale:

Diastolic pressure represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between contractions. It specifically measures the force of blood against the arterial walls when both the atria and ventricles are relaxed, allowing the heart to fill with blood. Diastolic pressure is the bottom number in a blood pressure reading (e.g., 120/80 mmHg), indicating the pressure in the arteries during the heart's resting phase. Elevated diastolic pressure is an important indicator of increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension.

Choice B rationale:

This statement describes systolic blood pressure, which measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart's ventricles contract and pump blood into the circulation. Systolic pressure is the top number in a blood pressure reading (e.g., 120/80 mmHg) and represents the highest pressure reached in the arteries during a cardiac cycle.

Choice C rationale:

This description is not accurate for either diastolic or systolic pressure. Both atria and ventricles do not contract simultaneously; they follow a specific sequence to ensure effective pumping of blood through the heart.

Choice D rationale:

This statement is incorrect as it does not align with the definitions of diastolic or systolic blood pressure. Diastolic pressure specifically measures the pressure in the arteries during the heart's resting phase, not when the ventricles relax. .

Choice A rationale:

The anterior surface of the drape is not the correct choice because it includes the central sterile area, which should never be touched by the nurse. Touching the central sterile area contaminates the field.

Choice B rationale:

The outer 1-inch border of the drape is the correct choice for the nurse to touch. This border is considered non-sterile and can be handled without contaminating the sterile field. It acts as a barrier, preventing contaminants from reaching the central sterile area.

Choice C rationale:

The top inner corners of the drape are part of the central sterile area and should not be touched by the nurse. Touching this area would contaminate the sterile field.

Choice D rationale:

The posterior aspect of the drape is not the correct choice because it is part of the central sterile area. Touching this area would contaminate the sterile field. When preparing a sterile field, it is essential for the nurse to follow strict aseptic techniques to maintain the sterility of the field. This includes touching only the designated non-sterile areas, such as the outer 1-inch border of the sterile drape, to avoid contamination.