Which complication of musculoskeletal trauma causes the accumulation of nephrotoxic myoglobin?
Cardiogenic shock
Nerve compression syndrome
Rhabdomyolysis
Avascular necrosis
The Correct Answer is C
Rhabdomyolysis is a condition that occurs when skeletal muscle tissue breaks down rapidly due to injury, infection, drug toxicity, or other causes. The breakdown of muscle releases myoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen in muscle cells, into the bloodstream. Myoglobin can damage the kidneys by clogging the renal tubules and causing acute kidney injury. Rhabdomyolysis can also cause electrolyte imbalances, muscle weakness, and compartment syndrome.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia is characteristic of diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus involves an issue with antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and water balance, not glucose regulation.
B. Polydipsia: This is a hallmark symptom of diabetes insipidus. It refers to excessive thirst due to the body’s inability to retain water, leading to dehydration and compensatory increased fluid intake.
C. Weight gain: Weight gain is not typically associated with diabetes insipidus. The condition usually leads to weight loss due to fluid loss.
D. Oliguria: Oliguria (reduced urine output) is the opposite of what occurs in diabetes insipidus. The condition is characterized by polyuria, or excessive urination, due to the kidneys' inability to concentrate urine.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus, a virus that infects and destroys CD4+ T cells, which are a type of white blood cell that coordinates the immune response against foreign invaders. HIV can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is a condition where the immune system becomes severely weakened and unable to fight off common infections and cancers. HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusion, needle sharing, or mother-to-child transmission.
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