Which client has the greatest need for special mouth care?

A 37-year-old who has insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

A 58-year-old who wears dentures.

A 26-year-old who is on bed rest.

A 45-year-old who is NPO.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A 37-year-old who has insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has the greatest need for special mouth care. This is because diabetes can affect the blood vessels and nerves in the mouth, leading to dry mouth, gum disease, infections, and delayed healing. Special mouth care for this client would include regular brushing and flossing, using a soft toothbrush or foam brush, rinsing with water or saline, checking for signs of inflammation or infection, and avoiding sugary or acidic foods and drinks.

Choice B is wrong because a 58-year-old who wears dentures does not have a greater need for special mouth care than a diabetic client.

Dentures can be removed and cleaned with a soft toothbrush and denture cleaner, and soaked overnight in a denture solution. The gums and mouth should also be cleaned daily with a soft toothbrush or gauze.

Choice C is wrong because a 26-year-old who is on bed rest does not have a greater need for special mouth care than a diabetic client. Bed rest can cause dry mouth and plaque accumulation, but these can be prevented by regular brushing and rinsing, drinking water frequently, and using sugar-free gum or lozenges.

Choice D is wrong because a 45-year-old who is NPO (nothing by mouth) does not have a greater need for special mouth care than a diabetic client. NPO can cause dry mouth and bad breath, but these can be alleviated by regular rinsing with water or saline, applying water-based lip balm or moisturizer, and using artificial saliva products if needed.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

Increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure are common signs of dehydration, as the body tries to compensate for the fluid loss by increasing the heart rate and lowering the blood pressure.

Choice C is wrong because increased temperature is not a typical symptom of dehydration, although it can be a cause of it.

Choice D is wrong because hypoactive muscle responses are not related to dehydration, but rather to neurological or muscular disorders.

Choice E is wrong because alert and oriented is the normal mental status for most people, and dehydration can cause confusion and disorientation in severe cases.

Normal ranges for heart rate and blood pressure vary depending on age, gender, physical activity, and other factors, but generally they are:

Heart rate: 60 to 100 beats per minute for adults
Blood pressure: less than 120/80 mmHg for adults

A. When the client exhibits physiologic symptoms of pain. B. Prior to painful activities, such as bathing. C. On a regular schedule around the clock. D. Whenever the client requests it.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

On a regular schedule around the clock. This is because when pain is present for more than 12 hours a day, analgesic dosages are best administered around the clock rather than on an as-needed basis.

Choice A is wrong because waiting for the client to exhibit physiologic symptoms of pain may delay the administration of analgesics and cause unnecessary suffering. Physiologic symptoms of pain are not always reliable indicators of pain intensity or quality.

Choice B is wrong because administering analgesics prior to painful activities may not provide adequate pain relief throughout the day. Painful activities may vary depending on the client’s condition and preferences.

Choice D is wrong because relying on the client’s request may not ensure optimal pain management. Some clients may be reluctant to ask for analgesics due to fear of addiction, side effects, or being perceived as weak.

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Which client has the greatest need for special mouth care?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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