Which class of antimicrobials does not cause hepatotoxicity?

Cephalosporin

Sulfonamide

Penicillin

Fluroquinolone

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics that can, in some cases, cause liver enzyme elevations and hepatotoxicity. While not all cephalosporins are associated with significant liver toxicity, there have been reports of liver dysfunction with some members of this class.
B.   Sulfonamides can also cause hepatotoxicity, particularly in certain individuals. They are known to occasionally lead to liver enzyme elevations and even more severe liver damage in susceptible patients.
C.   Penicillins are generally considered safe regarding hepatotoxicity; however, there can be rare instances of liver enzyme elevation associated with some penicillin derivatives, particularly in cases of prolonged use or in patients with existing liver disease. Nonetheless, they are not commonly associated with significant hepatotoxicity.
D.   Fluoroquinolones can cause liver toxicity, although it is relatively rare. Some fluoroquinolones have been associated with elevated liver enzymes and other hepatic issues.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is not directly linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer. While it can cause infections in the esophagus, especially in immunocompromised individuals, it is not recognized as a significant risk factor for esophageal cancer itself.
B. While some individuals may experience discomfort from spicy foods, there is no substantial evidence linking the consumption of spicy foods directly to the development of esophageal cancer. Dietary factors are more complex, and spicy foods are not typically identified as a primary risk factor.
C. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a significant risk factor for esophageal cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma. Chronic reflux can lead to changes in the esophageal lining (Barrett's esophagus), which is a precancerous condition. Therefore, this is a well-established risk factor.
D. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is not considered a direct risk factor for esophageal cancer. In some contexts, NSAIDs may even have a protective effect against certain types of cancer due to their anti-inflammatory properties. However, chronic use can lead to gastrointestinal complications, including ulcers, but does not have a clear link to the development of esophageal cancer.

A. The medications should be separated by a cycloplegic drug B. The medications should be alternated every 2 hours. C. A low 5 minutes between the two medications D. The med cations may be used together

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Cycloplegic drugs are used to paralyze the ciliary muscle and dilate the pupil, typically in specific situations such as during examinations or for certain conditions, but they do not facilitate the administration of antibiotic drops.
B. While alternating medications is sometimes done, in this case, both medications are to be given every 4 hours, not every 2 hours. Alternating them every 2 hours would not allow for the correct administration schedule and could lead to unnecessary confusion or overdose.
C. When administering multiple eye drops, it is generally recommended to wait about 5 to 10 minutes between the different drops to allow for proper absorption and prevent the first drop from being washed out by the second.
D. While both medications can be prescribed for a patient, they cannot be administered simultaneously. Using both drops at the same time would result in one medication washing out the other, which would reduce their effectiveness. They need to be given sequentially with appropriate timing in between.

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Which class of antimicrobials does not cause hepatotoxicity?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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