Which assessment finding will the nurse expect for a patient with the following laboratory values: sodium 145 mEq/L, potassium 45 mq, calcium 45 mg/dL?

Light-headedness when standing up

Weak quadriceps muscles

Decreased deep tendon reflexes

Tingling of extremities

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Light-headedness when standing up:
Elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia) can lead to muscle weakness or paralysis, cardiac dysrhythmias, and even cardiac arrest. Light-headedness when standing up is more commonly associated with orthostatic hypotension or volume depletion rather than electrolyte imbalances like hyperkalemia.

B. Weak quadriceps muscles:
Weakness in the quadriceps muscles is not typically associated with the electrolyte imbalances presented in the scenario. Hyperkalemia can cause muscle weakness, but it is not specific to the quadriceps.

C. Decreased deep tendon reflexes:
Decreased deep tendon reflexes are not typically associated with the electrolyte imbalances presented in the scenario. Hyperkalemia can lead to hyperreflexia or absent reflexes, but it is not specific to decreased deep tendon reflexes.

D. Tingling of extremities:
This is the correct answer. Hypocalcemia, indicated by the low calcium level in the scenario, can manifest with symptoms such as tingling or numbness of the extremities, muscle cramps, and tetany. Calcium plays a crucial role in nerve transmission, and low levels can lead to sensory disturbances like tingling in the extremities.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Irritable: Irritability is more closely associated with emotional responses to stress rather than cognitive responses. While irritability can be a manifestation of stress, it primarily reflects emotional tension rather than cognitive impairment.

B) Lethargic: Lethargy is a physical response to stress rather than a cognitive one. It refers to a lack of energy, motivation, or enthusiasm, which can result from stress-induced fatigue or exhaustion.

C) Angry: Anger is also primarily an emotional response to stress rather than a cognitive one. While stress can contribute to feelings of anger or frustration, it does not directly reflect cognitive impairment or alterations in cognitive functioning.

D) Decreased attention to detail: Cognitive responses to stress can include difficulty concentrating, decreased attention to detail, memory problems, and impaired decision-making. When a client demonstrates decreased attention to detail, it indicates cognitive impairment or distraction, which can be a response to stress. This behavior suggests that the client's cognitive functioning is affected by the stress they are experiencing.

A. "It might help if I tried sleeping only on my back." B. "I’ll sleep better if I take a sleeping pill at night," C. "If could lose about 50 pounds, I might stop having so many apneic episodes." D. " I’ll get a humidifier to run at my bedside at night."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "It might help if I tried sleeping only on my back."
Sleeping on the back can actually worsen obstructive sleep apnea because gravity can cause the tongue and soft tissues to obstruct the airway more easily. The recommended position to reduce apneic episodes is to sleep on the side.

B. "I’ll sleep better if I take a sleeping pill at night."
Taking a sleeping pill can relax the muscles of the throat, which might worsen sleep apnea by increasing the likelihood of airway obstruction during sleep.

C. "If I could lose about 50 pounds, I might stop having so many apneic episodes."
Weight loss is a key factor in reducing the frequency and severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Excess weight, particularly around the neck, can increase the risk of airway obstruction during sleep.

D. "I’ll get a humidifier to run at my bedside at night."
While a humidifier can make the air more comfortable to breathe, it does not directly reduce the number of apneic episodes. It might help with symptoms like dry mouth or nasal congestion but is not a primary treatment for obstructive sleep apnea.

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Which assessment finding will the nurse expect for a patient with the following laboratory values: sodium 145 mEq/L, potassium 45 mq, calcium 45 mg/dL?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

After an assessment, the nurse realizes that a client demonstrates cognitive responses to stress. What behaviors did the client demonstrate for the nurse to make this clinical determination?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who is obese and has obstructive sleep apnea how to decrease the number of nightly apneic episodes. Which of the lowing client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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