Which age-related physiological change puts a client at higher risk for adverse medication complications?

Reduced muscle mass.

Decreased renal function.

Slowed gastrointestinal motility.

Thinning of the layers of the skin.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

This is because older adults have a reduced ability to excrete drugs and their metabolites through the kidneys, which can lead to drug accumulation and toxicity. Decreased renal function can also affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs, altering their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.

Choice A is wrong because reduced muscle mass does not directly affect drug metabolism or clearance, although it may affect the volume of distribution of some drugs that are highly protein-bound or lipophilic.

Choice C is wrong because slowed gastrointestinal motility does not increase the risk of adverse drug events in older adults, although it may affect the rate and extent of drug absorption.

Choice D is wrong because thinning of the layers of the skin does not affect drug metabolism or clearance, although it may increase the risk of skin infections or injuries.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A 37-year-old who has insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has the greatest need for special mouth care. This is because diabetes can affect the blood vessels and nerves in the mouth, leading to dry mouth, gum disease, infections, and delayed healing. Special mouth care for this client would include regular brushing and flossing, using a soft toothbrush or foam brush, rinsing with water or saline, checking for signs of inflammation or infection, and avoiding sugary or acidic foods and drinks.

Choice B is wrong because a 58-year-old who wears dentures does not have a greater need for special mouth care than a diabetic client.

Dentures can be removed and cleaned with a soft toothbrush and denture cleaner, and soaked overnight in a denture solution. The gums and mouth should also be cleaned daily with a soft toothbrush or gauze.

Choice C is wrong because a 26-year-old who is on bed rest does not have a greater need for special mouth care than a diabetic client. Bed rest can cause dry mouth and plaque accumulation, but these can be prevented by regular brushing and rinsing, drinking water frequently, and using sugar-free gum or lozenges.

Choice D is wrong because a 45-year-old who is NPO (nothing by mouth) does not have a greater need for special mouth care than a diabetic client. NPO can cause dry mouth and bad breath, but these can be alleviated by regular rinsing with water or saline, applying water-based lip balm or moisturizer, and using artificial saliva products if needed.

A. Close the window and remove the client’s oxygen. B. Sound the fire alarm and activate the emergency response system. C. Cover the client with a blanket to smother the flames. D. Remove the client from the room and close the door.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

This is the priority action because it follows the RACE acronym for fire safety: Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish. The nurse should first rescue the client from immediate danger by smothering the flames with a blanket.

This will also help contain the fire and prevent it from spreading.

Choice A is wrong because closing the window and removing the client’s oxygen will not put out the fire.

Oxygen is not flammable, but it can make a fire burn faster and hotter. Removing the oxygen source may help reduce the intensity of the fire, but it will not extinguish it.

Choice B is wrong because sounding the fire alarm and activating the emergency response system are important steps, but they are not the priority. The nurse should first ensure the client’s safety before alerting others and calling for help.

Choice D is wrong because removing the client from the room and closing the door may expose the client to more harm and make the fire worse.

The nurse should not move the client unless it is absolutely necessary, as this may cause further injury or infection. Closing the door may create a backdraft, which is a sudden explosion of fire caused by oxygen rushing into an enclosed space.

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Which age-related physiological change puts a client at higher risk for adverse medication complications?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which client has the greatest need for special mouth care?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse enters a client’s room and finds the client’s gown is on fire. Which is the nurse’s priority action?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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