Which action is considered a first line of defense?
Lysozyme within tears destroy bacteria.
Chemotaxis attracts phagocytes to the site where the pathogen invaded.
Natural killer cells are the first lymphocytes to react to infection.
Phagocytes ingest microbes when they enter the body.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Lysozyme within tears destroy bacteria.: Lysozyme is an enzyme found in tears that helps to break down the cell walls of bacteria, acting as a chemical barrier and part of the innate immune system's first line of defense.
B. Chemotaxis attracts phagocytes to the site where the pathogen invaded.: This is part of the inflammatory response, which occurs after the first line of defense has been breached; therefore, it is not considered a first line of defense action.
C. Natural killer cells are the first lymphocytes to react to infection.: While natural killer cells play an essential role in the immune response, they are part of the second line of defense and respond after pathogens have entered the body.
D. Phagocytes ingest microbes when they enter the body.: This is part of the second line of defense, as phagocytes respond to pathogens that have breached the first line of defense, which includes physical and chemical barriers.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Endocardium: The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart wall, lining the chambers and valves, and is not in contact with pericardial fluid.
B. Fibrous pericardium: This is the outermost layer of the pericardium but is not part of the heart wall. It provides protection and support but does not come into direct contact with pericardial fluid.
C. Epicardium: The epicardium is the outer layer of the heart wall and is in direct contact with pericardial fluid, which is found between the epicardium and the pericardium.
D. Myocardium: The myocardium is the middle muscular layer responsible for heart contractions and is not in contact with pericardial fluid.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Mucus: Mucus in the trachea traps inhaled particles like dust, microbes, and debris, preventing them from entering the lungs.
B. Epithelial cells: Epithelial cells line the trachea but do not actively trap particles.
C. Paranasal sinuses: The paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces in the skull and are not involved in trapping particles in the trachea.
D. Cilia: Cilia move trapped particles out of the trachea toward the pharynx, but the particles are initially caught by mucus.
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