When a newborn takes its first breath, what physical changes occur in the heart to increase oxygenation of the body?

The ductus arteriosus expands to allow more blood to enter the lungs

The foramen ovale closes, preventing blood exchange from right to left in the heart

The umbilical vein that carried oxygenated blood in utero becomes the ascending aorta entering the right atrium

The ductus venosus shunts oxygenated aortic blood to the lungs.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

The foramen ovale closes, preventing blood exchange from right to left in the heart. This is because the foramen ovale is a fetal shunt that allows blood to bypass the lungs and flow from the right atrium to the left atrium. After birth, when the baby starts to breathe air, the lungs expand and the pulmonary resistance decreases. This causes an increase in blood flow and pressure in the left atrium, which pushes the foramen ovale closed. This prevents blood from mixing between the right and left sides of the heart and allows oxygenated blood to circulate to the body¹².

Choice A is not correct because the ductus arteriosus does not expand to allow more blood to enter the lungs. The ductus arteriosus is another fetal shunt that

connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta. It allows blood to bypass the lungs and flow from the right ventricle to the aorta. After birth, when the baby starts to breathe air, the oxygen concentration in the blood increases and causes the ductus arteriosus to constrict and close. This increases blood flow to the lungs and decreases blood flow to the aorta.

Choice C is not correct because the umbilical vein that carried oxygenated blood in utero does not become the ascending aorta entering the right atrium. The umbilical vein is a fetal vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. It connects to either the portal vein or the ductus venosus, which then drains into the inferior vena cava. After birth, when the umbilical cord is clamped and cut, the umbilical vein collapses and becomes a fibrous cord called ligamentum teres hepatis.

Choice D is not correct because the ductus venosus does not shunt oxygenated aortic blood to the lungs. The ductus venosus is another fetal vessel that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava. It allows some of the oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver and enter directly into the systemic circulation. After birth, when the umbilical cord is clamped and cut, the ductus venosus closes and becomes a fibrous cord called ligamentum venosum.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

ask the client to empty her bladder. A full bladder can cause the uterus to be displaced and lead to excessive bleeding. The moderate lochia rubra, normal temperature, soft breasts, firm fundus, slightly deviated to the right, pulse rate of 88/min, and respiratory rate of 18/min are all normal findings.

Choice A is not correct because the client's milk will come in regardless of nursing frequency.

Choice B is not correct because the client's temperature is within normal limits.

Choice D is not correct because there is no indication of an increase in IV fluids.

A. This can be from the sudden withdrawal of your hormones. It's not a cause for alarm. B. The baby may have a problem; let's schedule an appointment. C. For now, just watch her. If this continues, call us back. D. This can be related to cleaning her perineal area; be more careful.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This can be from the sudden withdrawal of your hormones. It's not a cause for alarm. This is because newborn female babies may have a little bloody vaginal discharge in their diaper due to the withdrawal of maternal hormones after delivery. This usually stops as the hormones return to normal levels¹².

Choice B is wrong because the baby does not need an appointment for this condition.

Choice C is wrong because the mother does not need to watch her baby for this condition.

Choice D is wrong because the blood is not related to cleaning her perineal area.

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When a newborn takes its first breath, what physical changes occur in the heart to increase oxygenation of the body?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collecting data from a client who delivered 2 hours ago. The client has moderate lochia rubra, temperature within normal limits, breasts soft, fundus firm, slightly deviated to the right, pulse rate 88/min, respiratory rate 18/min. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A new mother of a newborn girl calls the clinic in a panic, concerned about the blood-tinged soiled diaper. What is the best response from the nurse?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing shaking chills during the immediate postpartum period. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A nurse is collecting data from a postpartum client and finds a large amount of lochia rubra with several clots on the client's perineal pad. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

The nurse is conducting a prenatal class explaining the various activities that will occur within the first few hours after birth. The nurse determines the session is successful when the couples correctly choose which reason for the use of an antibiotic ointment.

The nurse is caring for a new mother and newborn in a rooming-in unit and watches the mother put the infant in the bed, lying on her side, propped up with a pillow. The nurse should point out that this position can increase the risk of which situation?

A nurse is caring for a client who is 4 hr postpartum. The nurse finds a small amount of lochia rubra on the client's perineal pad. The fundus is midline and firm at the umbilicus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

The nurse assesses a boggy uterus with the fundus above the umbilicus and deviated to the side. The nurse should next assess:

A nurse is collecting data from a newborn and notes a swollen area on the head that does not cross the suture line. The nurse should interpret this finding as which of the following?

Parents express concern about the milia on the face and nose of their baby. The nurse's most helpful response would be to instruct the parents to: