What should the parents of infants with a positive phenylketonuria (PKU) test be instructed to do?

Give the infant a high protein diet.

Provide the infant with a diet containing small amounts of phenylalanine.

Early introduction of cow’s milk may be necessary before 1 year of age.

Follow up with a pediatric cardiologist.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale
Giving an infant with a positive PKU test a high protein diet is not recommended. This is because phenylalanine, which cannot be broken down by individuals with PKU, is found in high-protein foods.
Choice B rationale
Parents of infants with a positive PKU test should provide the infant with a diet containing small amounts of phenylalanine. This is because while phenylalanine is harmful in large amounts to individuals with PKU, it is still an essential amino acid that the body needs in small amounts.
Choice C rationale
Early introduction of cow’s milk is not necessary before 1 year of age for infants with a positive PKU test. In fact, cow’s milk is high in phenylalanine and should be avoided.
Choice D rationale
Following up with a pediatric cardiologist is not specifically related to the dietary management of PKU. While regular medical supervision is important for children with PKU, it does not necessarily have to be with a cardiologist.

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Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Unlabored irregular respirations are not typically associated with respiratory distress in a neonate. In fact, newborns naturally have irregular breathing patterns, which can range from fast and shallow to slow and deep.
Choice B rationale
Grunting is a common symptom of respiratory distress in neonates. This is an involuntary noise that a baby makes when exhaling. It’s the baby’s attempt to keep air in the lungs to help them stay open and filled with air.
Choice C rationale
While apneic periods (pauses in breathing) can occur in neonates, a 5-second pause is within the normal range. Apnea of concern in neonates, particularly those with respiratory distress, is usually defined as cessation of breathing for 20 seconds or longer, or a shorter pause if it is accompanied by a slow heart rate or low oxygen levels.
Choice D rationale
Nasal flaring, where the nostrils spread open during breathing, is another common sign of respiratory distress in neonates. It’s an indication that the baby is having to work harder to breathe.
Choice E rationale
Use of accessory muscles is a sign of respiratory distress in neonates. This means the baby is using additional muscles (other than the diaphragm and chest muscles) to breathe. This can be seen as indrawing or retractions, where the skin pulls in between the ribs or the neck sinks in with each breath.

A. Prepare the patient for a cesarean delivery B. Take a culture of the lesions to verify the involved organism C. Ask the patient if she has had unprotected sex since her outbreak D. Use internal electronic fetal surveillance to determine a baseline fetal heart rate

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
If a patient in active labor has a recent outbreak of genital herpes with verified lesions on the perineum, the nurse should prepare the patient for a cesarean delivery. This is to prevent transmission of the herpes virus to the baby during delivery.
Choice B rationale
While taking a culture of the lesions could help verify the involved organism, it would not change the immediate plan of care for this patient. The presence of active lesions necessitates a cesarean delivery regardless of the specific strain of the virus.
Choice C rationale
Asking the patient if she has had unprotected sex since her outbreak would not directly impact the plan of care in this situation. The primary concern is preventing transmission of the virus to the baby during delivery.
Choice D rationale
Using internal electronic fetal surveillance to determine a baseline fetal heart rate is generally avoided in patients with active genital herpes lesions, as this could potentially increase the risk of transmitting the virus to the baby.

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What should the parents of infants with a positive phenylketonuria (PKU) test be instructed to do?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What are the clinical presentations of respiratory distress in a neonate? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

The labor nurse is admitting a patient in active labor with a history of genital herpes. On assessment, the patient reports a recent outbreak, and the nurse verifies lesions on the perineum. What action should the nurse take in anticipating the plan of care for this patient?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is assessing the laboratory test results of a client with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Which finding should the nurse prioritize?

The labor nurse is admitting a patient in active labor who has a history of genital herpes. The patient reports a recent outbreak, and the nurse verifies lesions on the perineum. What action should the nurse take in anticipating the plan of care for this patient?

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