What is referred to as a community hospital?
A nonfederal short-stay hospital whose services are available to the general public
Nongovernment and privately owned
Government ownership (federal, state, or local)
Often located in large urban areas
The Correct Answer is A
A. A nonfederal short-stay hospital whose services are available to the general public: Community hospitals are defined as nonfederal short-stay hospitals that provide a range of services to the general public and are accessible to all members of the community.
B. Nongovernment and privately owned: While many community hospitals may be privately owned, this option does not encompass the full definition as it excludes government-owned hospitals that serve the community.
C. Government ownership (federal, state, or local): Community hospitals can be government- owned, but this answer does not capture the full scope of what defines a community hospital.
D. Often located in large urban areas: Community hospitals can be found in both urban and rural areas, so this answer is not sufficiently inclusive.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Technology: While technological advancements may have influenced healthcare delivery, they did not directly trigger hospital downsizing in the 1980s.
B. Hill-Burton Act (1946): The Hill-Burton Act provided federal funding for hospital construction and modernization, which typically led to expansion rather than downsizing of hospitals.
C. Covid-19: Covid-19 emerged long after the 1980s and is not related to the hospital downsizing trends of that decade.
D. Prospective Payment System (PPS): The implementation of the Prospective Payment System (PPS) in the 1980s, particularly for Medicare reimbursements, shifted hospital reimbursement from fee-for-service to a predetermined payment based on diagnosis-related groups (DRGs).
This change incentivized hospitals to become more efficient and led to downsizing, closure of underutilized facilities, and consolidation of services.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The United Kingdom: The United Kingdom has a publicly funded healthcare system
(National Health Service), which typically has lower healthcare costs compared to the United States.
B. The United States: The United States consistently has the highest healthcare costs per capita among developed countries due to factors such as high administrative costs, pharmaceutical prices, and utilization rates.
C. Canada: Canada has a publicly funded healthcare system (Medicare), which generally has lower healthcare costs compared to the United States.
D. Jamaica: Jamaica's healthcare system is characterized by resource constraints, and healthcare costs are typically lower compared to those in the United States.
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