According to Shi and Singh "Essentials of the U.S. Healthcare System," what percentage of the healthcare workforce do hospitals employ?

Rationale:

A. Research became an important adjunct to medical care: While research related to COVID-19 became a priority during the pandemic, it is not a direct effect on hospitals as described in the options.

B. Surgeries were cancelled to accommodate COVID patients: Many hospitals experienced cancellations of elective surgeries and procedures to prioritize resources for COVID-19 patients, conserve personal protective equipment (PPE), and maintain capacity for potential surges in COVID-19 cases.

C. Many hospitals established university affiliations: While some hospitals may have established or strengthened affiliations with universities for various reasons, this is not a direct effect of COVID-19.

D. Surgeries were at an all-time high during the Covid-19 surge: This statement is inaccurate; surgeries were generally reduced or postponed during the COVID-19 surge to focus on essential and emergent medical needs.

Rationale:

A. Secondary care: Secondary care refers to specialized healthcare services provided by medical specialists upon referral from primary care providers. It typically involves services such as diagnosis, treatment, and management of specific health conditions.

B. Primary care: Primary care involves general healthcare services provided by healthcare professionals such as physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants. It focuses on preventive care, health maintenance, and initial diagnosis and treatment of common health problems.

C. Hospice care: Hospice care is a type of end-of-life care provided to individuals with terminal illnesses or conditions. It focuses on enhancing quality of life and providing comfort, support, and symptom management for patients and their families during the final stages of life.

D. Tertiary care: Tertiary care refers to highly specialized medical care provided by specialized hospitals, medical centers, or specialty clinics. It involves complex procedures, treatments, and interventions for patients with serious or complex health conditions.