What is an essential nursing consideration for a patient with a suspected fracture before moving or handling the affected limb?
Explaining the importance of immobilization to the patient
Applying a splint or cast to the affected limb
Assessing for any signs of neurovascular compromise
Administering analgesics for pain relief
The Correct Answer is C
Before moving or handling the affected limb, the nurse must assess for any signs of neurovascular compromise, such as changes in pulses, capillary refill, sensation, and motor function. This assessment helps identify potential vascular or nerve injuries and guides appropriate care to prevent complications.
a. Explaining the importance of immobilization to the patient is important but is not directly related to assessing for neurovascular compromise before moving the limb.
b. Applying a splint or cast to the affected limb is typically done after the initial assessment and diagnosis of the fracture, not before handling the limb.
d. Administering analgesics for pain relief is important, but it does not directly relate to assessing for neurovascular compromise before moving the limb.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
It is crucial for the patient to regularly check for signs of skin irritation and redness around the cast edges. Skin irritation and redness can indicate pressure points or infection, and early identification can prevent complications.
a. Breaking off rough edges of the cast with scissors can damage the cast and compromise its structural integrity. The patient should not alter the cast in any way.
c. Using lotion to moisturize the skin under the cast is not recommended, as it can lead to skin irritation and may compromise the cast's fit and function. The skin under the cast should be kept dry and clean.
d. Using a heating pad to alleviate discomfort is not recommended, as excessive heat can lead to skin irritation and may weaken the cast. The patient should use ice packs or follow the healthcare provider's instructions for pain management.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A transverse fracture occurs when the bone is completely broken into two separate pieces at a right angle to the bone's long axis.
a. Greenstick fracture: A greenstick fracture is an incomplete fracture where the bone bends and partially breaks, but it does not result in two separate pieces of bone.
c. Impacted fracture: An impacted fracture occurs when the bone ends are forced into each other, commonly seen in long bones such as the femur. It does not involve the bone breaking into two separate pieces.
d. Spiral fracture: A spiral fracture occurs when the bone is twisted, resulting in a spiral-shaped fracture line. It does not involve the bone breaking into two separate pieces.
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