What are the sciences that make up nursing informatics?

A. Transforming collected data into needed information; this is a key function of nursing informatics, as it focuses on converting raw data into useful information for patient care.

B. Improving and ensuring patient confidentiality; nursing informatics is heavily involved in enhancing and safeguarding patient confidentiality through information management practices.

C. Outlining training standards for non-healthcare professionals; while nursing informatics may provide education and training to healthcare professionals, developing standards for non-healthcare professionals typically falls outside its primary scope.

D. Enhancing data security and patient privacy; ensuring data security and protecting patient privacy are fundamental responsibilities of nursing informatics.

A. American Medical Association: The American Medical Association (AMA) focuses primarily on physicians and medical practice, not specifically on nursing informatics.

B. International Council on Nursing: The International Council on Nursing (ICN) promotes global nursing standards, but it was the ANA that specifically recognized nursing informatics as a specialty in 1992.

C. American Nursing Association: Correct; the American Nursing Association (ANA) recognized nursing informatics as a specialty in 1992, marking an important milestone in the integration of informatics into nursing practice.

D. American Nursing Informatics Association: The American Nursing Informatics Association (ANIA) is an organization focused on nursing informatics, but it was not the one that recognized it as a specialty in 1992.