The nursing instructor is facilitating a clinical group discussion about the adrenal glands including the cortex and the medulla. The instructor asks about the physiological changes that happen when norepinephrine and epinephrine are released. The students show good understanding of physiological changes when they state they include: (select all that apply).
Increased heart rate.
Constriction of blood vessels.
Pupil dilation.
Increased blood pressure.
Increased urine output.
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are catecholamines released by the adrenal medulla during the "fight or flight" response. They have several physiological effects, including increasing heart rate, pupil dilation, and blood pressure. Additionally, epinephrine causes bronchodilation, while norepinephrine causes vasoconstriction. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the client for signs of hypertension, tachycardia, and increased respiratory rate.
Increased urine output, is incorrect because catecholamines decrease urine output by activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Constriction of blood vessels is incorrect because norepinephrine causes vasoconstriction, not vasodilation.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A PRN order does not necessarily indicate the minimum time between doses. PRN stands for "pro re nata," which means "as needed." When a medication is ordered PRN, the healthcare provider should also indicate the frequency or the minimum time between doses, for example, "PRN every 4 hours" or "PRN up to 3 times a day." However, the specific frequency or time between doses may vary depending on the patient's condition and response to the medication, so it is important to follow the healthcare provider's instructions and assess the patient's response before administering the medication again.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
As a healthcare professional, a nurse has a legal and ethical responsibility to ensure that medication administration is safe and effective for the patient. If a nurse administers medication that is unsafe, they can be held liable for the error. It is important for nurses to follow medication administration protocols, verify medications before administering them, and report any errors or concerns to the appropriate parties.
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