The nurse is working on a cardiac unit with several patients who have intravenous access lines. The nurse identifies the following are considered central venous catheters: (Select All That Apply)

Midline catheter

Tunneled catheter

Non-Tunneled catheter

Peripheral IV

PlCC Line

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

Explanation: Central venous catheters are catheters that are inserted through a vein in the chest, neck, or groin and then threaded through to a large vein near the heart. These types of catheters are used for long- term treatment and monitoring of critically ill patients.

A midline catheter is a type of peripheral IV catheter that is longer and extends into the upper arm, but it does not reach a central vein and is not considered a central line. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

A peripheral IV catheter is inserted into a peripheral vein (e.g., hand, arm), and it does not reach a central vein, making it a peripheral line. Therefore, option d. is incorrect.

A tunneled catheter is a type of central venous catheter that is inserted through a small incision in the chest and then tunneled under the skin to a central vein. It is typically used for long-term treatment and is less likely to become infected than a non-tunneled catheter. Therefore, option b. is correct.

A non-tunneled catheter is a type of central venous catheter that is inserted directly into a central vein in the chest, neck, or groin. It is typically used for short-term treatment and is more likely to become infected than a tunneled catheter. Therefore, option c. is correct.

A PICC line (peripherally inserted central catheter) is a type of central venous catheter that is inserted through a vein in the arm and then threaded through to a central vein near the heart. It is typically used for long-term treatment and is less invasive than other types of central lines. Therefore, option e. is correct.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Deep breathing or "diaphragmatic breathing" is a technique used to prevent recurrent pneumonia and improve lung function. During deep breathing, the patient is instructed to inhale deeply, expanding their lung volume as much as possible. This process is called inspiration.

Expiration, on the other hand, is the process of exhaling or breathing out air from the lungs. Intake refers to the process of taking in air or breathing in, while chest is a part of the body where the lungs are located.

A. Respiratory acidosis B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Respiratory alkalosis D. Metabolic acidosis

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Respiratory acidosis.

COPD is a chronic lung disease that can lead to an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the body. This can cause respiratory acidosis, a condition in which the blood pH is lower than normal due to an excess of CO2.

In respiratory acidosis, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in the blood is increased and the pH is decreased. The kidneys atempt to compensate for the acidosis by excreting more acid in the urine and retaining more bicarbonate, but this compensation is usually not enough to fully correct the problem.

Metabolic alkalosis (option B) is a condition in which the blood pH is higher than normal due to an excess of bicarbonate in the blood. This is usually caused by loss of acid from the body, such as through vomiting or use of diuretics.

Respiratory alkalosis (option C) is a condition in which the blood pH is higher than normal due to a decrease in PaCO2. This can be caused by hyperventilation, which leads to excessive elimination of CO2 from the lungs.

Metabolic acidosis (option D) is a condition in which the blood pH is lower than normal due to an excess of acid in the blood. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including kidney failure or lactic acidosis.

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The nurse is working on a cardiac unit with several patients who have intravenous access lines. The nurse identifies the following are considered central venous catheters: (Select All That Apply)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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