The nurse is teaching a client how to use nasal spray. What will the nurse include in the teaching plan? (Select all that apply.)

A. Bruising and bleeding gums are not indicative of an allergic reaction, which would typically present with different symptoms such as rash, itching, or swelling. Administering antihistamines would not address the underlying issue.

B. The development of bruising and bleeding gums in a patient on heparin therapy suggests a bleeding complication, which is a known risk of anticoagulation therapy. The nurse should notify the healthcare provider to assess the situation and possibly adjust treatment or perform further evaluations.

C. While hypersensitivity reactions can occur with medications, the symptoms presented here are more aligned with bleeding complications than with hypersensitivity. Discontinuing heparin without consulting the provider could put the patient at risk for thromboembolic events.

D. The symptoms do not indicate an infection; therefore, initiating antibiotic therapy would not be appropriate in this context.

A. Using combination therapy may be beneficial in some cases but is not the first step in ensuring the most appropriate drug is chosen for a specific pathogen.

B. Obtaining sensitivity testing is essential to determine the specific antibiotic to which the pathogen is susceptible, ensuring effective treatment.

C. Checking client allergies is important to prevent adverse reactions but does not directly address whether the chosen drug is appropriate for the pathogen.

D. Evaluating the bactericidal effects is part of assessing the treatment's effectiveness, but it should follow sensitivity testing to determine the correct medication.