The nurse is caring for patients on the Labor and delivery unit. Which patient will the nurse consider at higher risk for having a newborn with a myelomeningocele?

A patient who had no prenatal care.

A patient in active Labor with wounds.

A patient with premature rupture of membranes.

A patient experiencing a precipitous Labor.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Lack of prenatal care is a significant risk factor for neural tube defects, including myelomeningocele, because it often means the mother did not receive important prenatal vitamins like folic acid, which are crucial for proper neural tube development. Prenatal care provides essential screenings and supplements to support a healthy pregnancy and fatal development. Without it, the risk of congenital anomalies, such as myelomeningocele, increases significantly. Additionally, prenatal care helps in identifying and managing other risk factors and conditions that may affect both maternal and fatal health.

Choice B reason: While active Labor with wounds requires medical attention and may pose risks to both mother and baby, it does not directly correlate with an increased risk of myelomeningocele. Myelomeningocele is a congenital condition related to neural tube development early in pregnancy. The presence of wounds in active Labor may indicate complications such as trauma or infection, but these are not associated with neural tube defects.

Choice C reason: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a condition where the amniotic sac ruptures before Labor begins, potentially leading to preterm birth and infections. While PROM is a concern and requires appropriate medical intervention, it is not directly linked to the development of myelomeningocele. The causes of PROM and neural tube defects like myelomeningocele are different, with PROM often related to issues with the amniotic sac or maternal infections.

Choice D reason: Precipitous Labor, which is an unusually rapid Labor and delivery, can pose risks such as trauma to the birth canal and complications for the newborn, but it is not associated with an increased risk of myelomeningocele. The speed of Labor and delivery is not a contributing factor to neural tube defects. Instead, precipitous Labor is more concerning for potential delivery complications and the need for rapid medical response.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Allowing medical staff to make the plan of care decisions without involving the patient and their family indicates a lack of patient-cantered care, which is a critical component in effective discharge planning. The patient and family members should be actively involved in the decision-making process to ensure that the plan of care aligns with their needs, preferences, and unique circumstances. Education on the importance of collaboration and shared decision-making in care planning is essential.

Choice B reason: Assessing the family's home environment is a necessary step in discharge planning. This intervention ensures that the patient will have a safe and supportive environment to return to, which can significantly impact their recovery and well-being. It includes evaluating factors such as accessibility, availability of caregivers, and any potential hazards that might affect the patient's health.

Choice C reason: Arranging the necessary care equipment and supplies is an important part of discharge planning to ensure that the patient has all the resources needed to continue their care at home. This includes medical equipment, medications, and other supplies that support the patient's health and recovery. Proper planning and arrangement of these resources prevent gaps in care and promote a smooth transition from hospital to home.

Choice D reason: Referring to financial support is a critical intervention, especially for patients with complex medical histories who may face significant healthcare costs. Financial support can help alleviate the burden of medical expenses and ensure that the patient has access to necessary services and treatments. The nursing student needs to understand the importance of connecting patients with financial resources and support programs.

A. I haven't had a growth spurt yet, and all my friends are taller than me. B. My parents treat me like a baby sometimes. C. None of the kids at this school like me, and I don't like them either. D. There's a big project due by the end of the month, and I'm really stressed about it.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Concerns about physical development, such as not having had a growth spurt yet, are common among adolescents. While this statement indicates some distress, it is generally considered a normal part of adolescent development and may not require immediate intervention.

Choice B reason: Feeling infantilized by parents is also a common issue among teenagers. This can be addressed through communication and support, but it is not typically an urgent matter.

Choice C reason: Statements about social isolation and feeling disliked by peers can be indicative of significant emotional distress or even depression. This statement warrants immediate attention to assess the adolescent's mental health and provide necessary support or intervention.

Choice D reason: Stress related to academic pressures, such as a big project, is common among students. While it is important to address stress management, it does not typically indicate an immediate risk to the student's well-being.

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The nurse is caring for patients on the Labor and delivery unit. Which patient will the nurse consider at higher risk for having a newborn with a myelomeningocele?

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