The nurse is caring for a trauma patient who has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results: pH 7.52, PaCO2 55, HCO3 30 me/L. How will the nurse interpret these results?

Respiratory alkalosis with partial compensation

Metabolic alkalosis with partial compensation

Metabolic alkalosis with no compensation

Metabolic acidosis with partial compensation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Respiratory alkalosis with partial compensation is characterized by a high pH, low PaCO2, and a compensatory decrease in HCO3. In this case, the pH is high (alkaline), PaCO2 is high, and HCO3 is elevated, indicating that the primary disorder is metabolic alkalosis, not respiratory alkalosis.

Choice B reason: Metabolic alkalosis with partial compensation is indicated by a high pH (alkaline), high HCO3 (bicarbonate), and a high PaCO2 (carbon dioxide) as a compensatory mechanism by the respiratory system. In this case, the pH is 7.52 (alkaline), PaCO2 is 55 mmHg, and HCO3 is 30 mEq/L, which fits the profile of metabolic alkalosis with the respiratory system attempting to compensate by retaining CO2.

Choice C reason: Metabolic alkalosis with no compensation would present with a high pH and high HCO3, but normal PaCO2. In this case, the PaCO2 is elevated, indicating that there is some level of respiratory compensation occurring, which rules out the "no compensation" scenario.

Choice D reason: Metabolic acidosis with partial compensation would present with a low pH, low HCO3, and low PaCO2 as a compensatory mechanism. In this case, the pH is high (alkaline), not low, which is inconsistent with metabolic acidosis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: The statement that young people do not have to worry about heart failure, just older people, is incorrect. While heart failure is more common in older adults, it can occur at any age, particularly in individuals with underlying health conditions or risk factors.

Choice B reason: Progressive kidney failure contributes to the development and severity of heart failure. Kidney function and heart function are closely related. When the kidneys are not working properly, they can contribute to fluid retention, increased blood pressure, and additional strain on the heart, leading to heart failure.

Choice C reason: The elderly patient using cocaine as a teenager and complaining of occasional anxiety is less relevant to the immediate risk factors for developing heart failure. While past cocaine use can have long-term cardiovascular effects, occasional anxiety is not a significant contributing factor to heart failure.

Choice D reason: The patient taking 20mg of losartan every day and having a potassium level of 3.8 mEq/L is relevant to managing their heart condition but does not directly address the development of heart failure. Losartan is a medication used to manage blood pressure and heart failure, and the potassium level is within the normal range.

A. Removal of the transplanted kidney. B. An increase in the dose of cyclosporine therapy. C. A new kidney transplant from a living donor. D. Administration of methylprednisolone sodium succinate.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Removal of the transplanted kidney is the definitive intervention for hyperacute rejection. Hyperacute rejection occurs within minutes to hours after transplantation due to pre-formed antibodies against the donor organ. This form of rejection is irreversible and requires immediate removal of the transplanted kidney to prevent further complications and damage to the recipient's health.

Choice B reason: An increase in the dose of cyclosporine therapy is not effective in hyperacute rejection. Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive medication used to prevent rejection, but in cases of hyperacute rejection, the rapid and severe immune response cannot be controlled by increasing the dose. The affected kidney must be removed.

Choice C reason: A new kidney transplant from a living donor is not an immediate intervention for hyperacute rejection. Before considering another transplant, it is essential to identify and address the underlying cause of hyperacute rejection and ensure that the recipient's immune system is adequately managed to prevent recurrence.

Choice D reason: Administration of methylprednisolone sodium succinate is typically used to manage acute rejection episodes but is not effective for hyperacute rejection. The rapid onset and severity of hyperacute rejection necessitate the removal of the transplanted organ rather than relying on immunosuppressive medications.

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The nurse is caring for a trauma patient who has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results: pH 7.52, PaCO2 55, HCO3 30 me/L. How will the nurse interpret these results?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nursing instructor is discussing heart failure during post-conference. Which statement by the student confirms their understanding of a contributing factor to a patient's increased risk for developing heart failure?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient 22 hours after undergoing kidney transplantation. The patient develops hyperacute rejection of the transplanted kidney. What intervention will the nurse anticipate for this patient at this time?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving packed red blood cells which started at 11:30 AM. The patient's vital signs and assessment findings are provided in the table below. What type of transfusion reaction will the nurse identify that the patient is experiencing?

The nurse assesses a patient 20 minutes after initiating a blood transfusion. The patient has itching and chills. The nurse immediately turns off the transfusion and disconnects the tubing at the catheter hub. What intervention will the nurse prioritize to implement first for this patient?

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The nurse is caring for a patient with type 2 diabetes who has been diagnosed with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. What clinical manifestation will the nurse expect to find in this patient?

The nurse is caring for a patient who is lethargic and dehydrated. Arterial blood gas (ABG) results show pH 7.50, PaO2 85 mmHg, PaCO2 45 mmHg, HCO3 35 mEq/L. What acid-base imbalance will the nurse recognize the patient is at risk for?

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