The nurse is caring for a patient with metabolic acidosis. Which laboratory findings will the nurse expect to support this diagnosis? (Select All That Apply)

pH less than 7.35

HCO3 less than 22 mEq/L

PaCO2 greater than 45 mmHg

PaO2 less than 80 mmHg

SpO2 greater than 95%

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C

Choice A reason: A pH less than 7.35 indicates an acidic state, which is consistent with metabolic acidosis. The normal pH range is 7.35 to 7.45.

Choice B reason: HCO3 (bicarbonate) less than 22 mEq/L indicates a low level of bicarbonate, which is consistent with metabolic acidosis. Bicarbonate is a base, and lower levels indicate a loss of buffering capacity.

Choice C reason: PaCO2 greater than 45 mmHg is not a primary indicator of metabolic acidosis but can occur as a compensatory mechanism in response to respiratory acidosis. The primary indicators of metabolic acidosis are low pH and low bicarbonate.

Choice D reason: PaO2 less than 80 mmHg indicates hypoxemia but is not directly related to the diagnosis of metabolic acidosis. Hypoxemia can occur with various conditions, and while it may be present, it is not a defining characteristic of metabolic acidosis.

Choice E reason: SpO2 greater than 95% indicates normal oxygen saturation and is not relevant to the diagnosis of metabolic acidosis. Oxygen saturation primarily reflects respiratory function rather than acid-base balance.

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Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Avoiding alcoholic beverages late in the evening can help improve sleep quality. Alcohol can disrupt the sleep cycle and lead to fragmented sleep. For someone experiencing insomnia, avoiding alcohol close to bedtime can prevent further sleep disturbances and help maintain a more restful sleep.

Choice B reason: Taking the medication in the evening is not recommended for patients experiencing insomnia as a side effect of prednisone. Prednisone is a corticosteroid that can increase alertness and cause difficulty sleeping. It is typically recommended to take the medication in the morning to align with the body's natural cortisol production and minimize sleep disturbances.

Choice C reason: Doing a vigorous exercise routine right before bed is not advisable. While regular exercise can promote better sleep, vigorous physical activity close to bedtime can stimulate the body and make it harder to fall asleep. It is better to exercise earlier in the day and engage in relaxing activities before bed to prepare the body for sleep.

Choice D reason: Maintaining the same consistent sleep schedule is crucial for managing insomnia. Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day helps regulate the body's internal clock and improve sleep quality. Consistency in sleep routines can make it easier to fall asleep and wake up refreshed.

Choice E reason: Reading or doing another quiet, noncomputer activity before bed is a good recommendation for improving sleep. Engaging in calming activities such as reading a book, listening to soothing music, or practicing relaxation exercises can help prepare the mind and body for sleep. Avoiding screens and bright lights before bed is important as they can interfere with the production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep.

A. Implement a fluid restriction of 1500 mL in 24 hours B. Provide a bland, low-residue diet C. Establish a bowel routine with daily stool softeners D. Consult surgeon to discuss colostomy creation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Implementing a fluid restriction could worsen constipation and bowel function in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Choice B reason: Providing a bland, low-residue diet is less effective in managing bowel function compared to establishing a regular bowel routine.

Choice C reason: Establishing a bowel routine with daily stool softeners helps maintain regular bowel movements and prevents constipation, which is important for patients with multiple sclerosis.

Choice D reason: Consulting a surgeon for colostomy creation is a more invasive intervention that is not the first line of treatment for changes in bowel function in multiple sclerosis patients.

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The nurse is caring for a patient with metabolic acidosis. Which laboratory findings will the nurse expect to support this diagnosis? (Select All That Apply)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) who is experiencing changes to their bowel function. What intervention will the nurse implement for this patient?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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