The nurse is caring for a patient, newly diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), who has an order for a budesonide inhaler. When planning medication teaching, the nurse will plan to include which potential side effects of this medication? (Select All That Apply)

Candidiasis

Dysphonia

Weight loss

Headache

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D

Choice A reason: Candidiasis, or oral thrush, is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids like budesonide. Patients should be educated on the importance of rinsing their mouth after using the inhaler to reduce the risk of this fungal infection.

Choice B reason: Dysphonia, or hoarseness, is another potential side effect of budesonide inhalers. This occurs due to the medication's effect on the vocal cords and can be minimized by using a spacer and rinsing the mouth after inhalation.

Choice C reason: Weight loss is not a common side effect of inhaled budesonide. Inhaled corticosteroids typically do not affect body weight in the same way that systemic corticosteroids might.

Choice D reason: Headache is a potential side effect of budesonide inhalers. Patients should be informed about this possibility and advised to manage headaches with appropriate over-the-counter medications if needed.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Kussmaul breathing is a sign of metabolic acidosis, not metabolic alkalosis. It is characterized by deep, labored breathing as the body tries to expel excess carbon dioxide.

Choice B reason: Positive Chvostek sign is an indication of hypocalcemia, which can be associated with metabolic alkalosis. It is a facial muscle twitch that occurs when the facial nerve is tapped.

Choice C reason: Hematemesis, or vomiting blood, is not a clinical manifestation of metabolic alkalosis. It is more related to gastrointestinal bleeding.

Choice D reason: Distended jugular veins are more commonly associated with conditions such as heart failure and fluid overload, not specifically with metabolic alkalosis.

A. pH 7.48, PaCO2 30, HCO3 24 B. pH 7.41, PaCO2 45, HCO3 29 C. pH 7.31, PaCO2 34, HCO3 18 D. pH 7.25, PaCO2 59, HCO3 30

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: The lab results pH 7.48, PaCO2 30, HCO3 24 indicate respiratory alkalosis. Hyperventilation leads to excessive loss of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), resulting in an increase in pH (alkaline). This is consistent with pulmonary edema and hyperventilation due to heart failure.

Choice B reason: The lab results pH 7.41, PaCO2 45, HCO3 29 indicate a normal pH with compensated metabolic alkalosis. This is not consistent with hyperventilation in pulmonary edema.

Choice C reason: The lab results pH 7.31, PaCO2 34, HCO3 18 indicate metabolic acidosis with partial compensation. This is not typical for a patient with hyperventilation and pulmonary edema.

Choice D reason: The lab results pH 7.25, PaCO2 59, HCO3 30 indicate respiratory acidosis with partial compensation. This would be consistent with hypoventilation rather than hyperventilation.

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The nurse is caring for a patient, newly diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), who has an order for a budesonide inhaler. When planning medication teaching, the nurse will plan to include which potential side effects of this medication? (Select All That Apply)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

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Correct Answer is A

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