The nurse is caring for a patient in shock with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and would expect to see the following assessments: petechiae, bleeding gums, and

Hepatomegaly.

Splenomegaly.

Anuria.

Ecchymosis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Hepatomegaly, or enlarged liver, is not a typical finding in DIC. While DIC can affect multiple organs due to widespread microvascular thrombosis and bleeding, hepatomegaly is more commonly associated with other conditions such as liver diseases or congestive heart failure.

Choice B reason: Splenomegaly, or enlarged spleen, is also not a common finding in DIC. Although the spleen can be involved in various hematologic disorders, DIC primarily affects the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, leading to bleeding and clotting issues rather than spleen enlargement.

Choice C reason: Anuria, or absence of urine production, can occur in severe cases of DIC due to acute kidney injury from microvascular thrombosis or bleeding. However, it is not as common a finding as petechiae, bleeding gums, and ecchymosis. Anuria indicates a critical state requiring immediate intervention but is not the primary expected finding in DIC.

Choice D reason: Ecchymosis, or bruising, is a common finding in DIC. DIC involves widespread activation of the coagulation cascade leading to the consumption of clotting factors and platelets, resulting in bleeding manifestations such as petechiae, bleeding gums, and ecchymosis. These signs indicate the body's inability to form stable clots and the presence of spontaneous bleeding.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is a procedure used to open narrowed coronary arteries, usually with a balloon or stent. It is not a diagnostic test for assessing heart valves but rather a treatment for coronary artery disease.

Choice B reason: Echocardiography is a non-invasive imaging test that uses ultrasound waves to create detailed images of the heart's structures, including the heart valves. It allows for the assessment of valve function, structure, and blood flow, making it an essential tool for diagnosing valvular heart disease.

Choice C reason: Exercise testing, also known as a stress test, evaluates the heart's response to physical activity. While it can provide information on how well the heart handles increased workload and detect issues like ischemia, it is not specifically used for assessing heart valves.

Choice D reason: Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) records the electrical activity of the heart and is used to detect arrhythmias, heart attacks, and other cardiac conditions. However, it does not provide detailed information about the heart valves' structure or function.

A. I must stop halfway up the stairs to catch my breath. B. I am awakened by the need to urinate at night. C. I have been drinking more water than usual. D. I have experienced blurred vision on several occasions.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: The statement "I must stop halfway up the stairs to catch my breath" is a significant indicator of left-sided heart failure. Left-sided heart failure leads to pulmonary congestion, resulting in symptoms such as shortness of breath, especially during physical activities. This occurs because the heart is unable to effectively pump blood to the body, causing fluid buildup in the lungs and leading to exertional dyspnea.

Choice B reason: The statement "I am awakened by the need to urinate at night" refers to nocturia, which can be associated with heart failure but is not as specific to left-sided heart failure as exertional dyspnea. Nocturia can occur due to fluid redistribution when lying down, but it is not a definitive sign of left-sided heart failure alone.

Choice C reason: The statement "I have been drinking more water than usual" is not directly related to left-sided heart failure. Increased water intake could be indicative of other conditions such as diabetes or dehydration, but it is not a specific symptom of left-sided heart failure.

Choice D reason: The statement "I have experienced blurred vision on several occasions" is not typically associated with left-sided heart failure. Blurred vision can result from various causes, including visual disturbances, blood pressure changes, or other medical conditions, but it is not a hallmark symptom of left-sided heart failure.

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The nurse is caring for a patient in shock with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and would expect to see the following assessments: petechiae, bleeding gums, and

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The healthcare provider recommends to a patient that diagnostic testing be performed to assess for valvular heart disease. The nurse teaches the patient about which test that is commonly used to assess the valves?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse assesses a patient in an outpatient clinic. Which statement alerts the nurse to the possibility of left-sided heart failure?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Considering the patient's esophageal varices, which of the following nursing interventions would be appropriate in your care of the patient?

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